diff --git a/apps/server/src/index.ts b/apps/server/src/index.ts
index 52af177..838e615 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/index.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/index.ts
@@ -647,10 +647,11 @@ async function tick(): Promise<void> {
   for (const workspaceId of await workspacesWithInternalBacklog(db)) {
     const cleared = await autoApproveInternal(db, { workspaceId });
 
-    if (cleared.approved > 0) {
+    if (cleared.approved > 0 || cleared.cooledDown > 0) {
       console.log(
         `auto-approved ${cleared.approved} internal card(s) in ${workspaceId}` +
           `${cleared.queuedCrawls > 0 ? `, queued ${cleared.queuedCrawls} crawl(s)` : ''}` +
+          `${cleared.cooledDown > 0 ? `, ${cleared.cooledDown} already researched today` : ''}` +
           `${cleared.refused > 0 ? `, ${cleared.refused} refused by policy` : ''}`,
       );
     }
diff --git a/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.test.ts b/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.test.ts
index 9de7127..eece804 100644
--- a/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.test.ts
+++ b/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.test.ts
@@ -194,9 +194,126 @@ describe('autoApproveInternal', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  test('does not re-research somebody researched today', async () => {
+    // The loop this closes. A research card exists because we had nothing to
+    // say; approving it re-crawls; if that yields nothing the card returns.
+    // Automating the click turned a visible backlog into invisible crawl
+    // traffic — one person reached three cards within minutes.
+    seeded = await seedDatabase('auto-cooldown');
+    await withDomain(seeded.db);
+    await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+
+    const first = await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+    expect(first.approved).toBe(1);
+    expect(first.queuedCrawls).toBe(1);
+
+    // The next pass proposes it again, as the pipeline does.
+    const again = await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    const second = await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    expect(second.approved).toBe(0);
+    expect(second.cooledDown).toBe(1);
+    // Crucially: no second crawl. That is what stops the loop.
+    expect(second.queuedCrawls).toBe(0);
+
+    const rec = await queryOne<{ status: string }>(
+      seeded.db,
+      'SELECT status FROM recommendations WHERE id = ?',
+      [again],
+    );
+    // Closed, not approved — approving would claim we went and looked.
+    expect(rec?.status).toBe('skipped');
+  });
+
+  test('a cooled-down card leaves an auditable reason', async () => {
+    seeded = await seedDatabase('auto-cooldown-audit');
+    await withDomain(seeded.db);
+    await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    const id = await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    const audit = await queryOne<{ event_type: string }>(
+      seeded.db,
+      `SELECT event_type FROM audit_events WHERE entity_id = ?
+        AND event_type = 'recommendation.research_cooldown'`,
+      [id],
+    );
+
+    expect(audit?.event_type).toBe('recommendation.research_cooldown');
+  });
+
+  test('research outside the cooldown runs again', async () => {
+    // The cooldown must expire, or a company that genuinely changed is never
+    // re-read.
+    seeded = await seedDatabase('auto-cooldown-expired');
+    await withDomain(seeded.db);
+    await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    // Age the recorded research past the window.
+    await seeded.db.execute({
+      sql: `UPDATE actions SET created_at = ? WHERE kind = 'refresh_research'`,
+      args: [new Date(Date.now() - 48 * 3_600_000).toISOString()],
+    });
+
+    await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    const result = await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    expect(result.approved).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.cooledDown).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('a human approval also suppresses the automatic re-run', async () => {
+    // The cooldown counts actions, not crawl jobs, so it does not matter who
+    // approved the card an hour ago.
+    seeded = await seedDatabase('auto-cooldown-human');
+    await withDomain(seeded.db);
+
+    // Stands in for a card a person clicked an hour ago: the action row is
+    // what both paths write, and is what the cooldown counts.
+    const clicked = await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    await seeded.db.execute({
+      sql: `INSERT INTO actions (id, workspace_id, recommendation_id, person_id, kind, network,
+            mode, status, created_at)
+            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, 'refresh_research', 'website', 'manual', 'queued', ?)`,
+      args: [newId('action'), SEED.workspaceId, clicked, SEED.personId, now()],
+    });
+    await seeded.db.execute({
+      sql: `UPDATE recommendations SET status = 'approved' WHERE id = ?`,
+      args: [clicked],
+    });
+
+    await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+    const result = await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, { workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId });
+
+    expect(result.cooledDown).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.queuedCrawls).toBe(0);
+  });
+
   test('honours the limit so one workspace cannot hold the tick', async () => {
     seeded = await seedDatabase('auto-limit');
-    for (let index = 0; index < 5; index += 1) await card(seeded.db, 'refresh_research');
+
+    // Distinct people, because the cooldown is per person: five cards for one
+    // person is one approval and four cooldowns, which is correct and is not
+    // what this test is about.
+    for (let index = 0; index < 5; index += 1) {
+      const personId = `per_limit_${index}`;
+      await seeded.db.execute({
+        sql: `INSERT INTO people (id, display_name, status, identity_confidence, created_at,
+              updated_at) VALUES (?, ?, 'qualified', 0.9, ?, ?)`,
+        args: [personId, `Limit ${index}`, now(), now()],
+      });
+      await seeded.db.execute({
+        sql: `INSERT INTO recommendations (id, workspace_id, campaign_id, person_id, action,
+              network, priority, reason, policy_status, policy_version, expected_goal, status,
+              created_at)
+              VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, 'refresh_research', 'website', 50, 'because',
+              'allow_with_approval', '2026-08-11', 'qualify', 'pending', ?)`,
+        args: [newId('recommendation'), SEED.workspaceId, SEED.campaignId, personId, now()],
+      });
+    }
 
     const result = await autoApproveInternal(seeded.db, {
       workspaceId: SEED.workspaceId,
diff --git a/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.ts b/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.ts
index 23dcc6f..297d0a9 100644
--- a/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.ts
+++ b/packages/pipeline/src/auto-approve.ts
@@ -42,11 +42,32 @@ import { enqueue } from './queue';
  */
 const AUTO_APPROVED: readonly ActionKind[] = ['refresh_research', 'observe', 'wait'];
 
+/**
+ * How long a person is left alone after their research has been run.
+ *
+ * This exists because automating the approval turned a visible backlog into
+ * an invisible loop. A `refresh_research` card is proposed *because* we have
+ * nothing to say about someone; approving it re-reads their company's site;
+ * if that still yields nothing, the next pass proposes the same card again.
+ * While a human had to click, the cards simply piled up — production held 179
+ * — and the waste was at least in plain sight. Approving them automatically
+ * closed the loop and turned it into crawl traffic nobody was watching:
+ * within minutes of shipping, one person had three cards and 195 crawls were
+ * queued.
+ *
+ * A day is chosen because that is the shortest interval over which a company
+ * website plausibly changes. Shorter re-reads the same bytes; much longer
+ * would delay picking up a genuine change.
+ */
+const RESEARCH_COOLDOWN_HOURS = 24;
+
 export interface AutoApproveResult {
   readonly considered: number;
   readonly approved: number;
   readonly refused: number;
   readonly queuedCrawls: number;
+  /** Closed without re-crawling, because the answer would not have changed. */
+  readonly cooledDown: number;
 }
 
 interface PendingRow {
@@ -82,7 +103,7 @@ export async function autoApproveInternal(
   // Absent workspace or the setting turned off. Not an error: a workspace that
   // wants to watch its own research go by is entitled to.
   if (!workspace || workspace.auto_approve_internal !== 1) {
-    return { considered: 0, approved: 0, refused: 0, queuedCrawls: 0 };
+    return { considered: 0, approved: 0, refused: 0, queuedCrawls: 0, cooledDown: 0 };
   }
 
   const placeholders = AUTO_APPROVED.map(() => '?').join(', ');
@@ -105,8 +126,18 @@ export async function autoApproveInternal(
   let approved = 0;
   let refused = 0;
   let queuedCrawls = 0;
+  let cooledDown = 0;
 
   for (const row of rows) {
+    // Research we have already done for this person, recently enough that
+    // doing it again would read the same page. Closed rather than approved:
+    // approving it would enqueue the crawl that creates the next card.
+    if (row.action === 'refresh_research' && (await researchedRecently(db, row.person_id))) {
+      await closeWithoutCrawling(db, input.workspaceId, row.id, row.action);
+      cooledDown += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+
     const decision = evaluatePolicy({
       network: row.network as Network,
       action: row.action as ActionKind,
@@ -209,7 +240,64 @@ export async function autoApproveInternal(
     }
   }
 
-  return { considered: rows.length, approved, refused, queuedCrawls };
+  return { considered: rows.length, approved, refused, queuedCrawls, cooledDown };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether this person's research has already run inside the cooldown.
+ *
+ * Counted from `actions`, which is written on every approval — automatic or
+ * clicked — so a human who approved the card an hour ago also suppresses the
+ * automatic re-run. The alternative, looking at crawl jobs, would miss a
+ * person whose company has no domain and whose card therefore never produced
+ * one.
+ */
+async function researchedRecently(db: Client, personId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  const since = new Date(Date.now() - RESEARCH_COOLDOWN_HOURS * 3_600_000).toISOString();
+
+  const row = await queryOne<{ n: number }>(
+    db,
+    `SELECT count(*) AS n FROM actions
+      WHERE person_id = ? AND kind = 'refresh_research' AND created_at >= ?`,
+    [personId, since],
+  );
+
+  return Number(row?.n ?? 0) > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retires a card whose answer is already known, without spending a crawl.
+ *
+ * `skipped` rather than `approved`, because approving would claim we went and
+ * looked. The status already exists for exactly this — a card that is over
+ * without having been acted on — and it keeps the card out of the queue
+ * without inventing a fourth outcome.
+ */
+async function closeWithoutCrawling(
+  db: Client,
+  workspaceId: string,
+  recommendationId: string,
+  action: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await db.batch([
+    {
+      sql: `UPDATE recommendations SET status = 'skipped' WHERE id = ?`,
+      args: [recommendationId],
+    },
+    {
+      sql: `INSERT INTO audit_events (id, workspace_id, actor_kind, actor_id, event_type,
+            entity_kind, entity_id, detail_json, occurred_at)
+            VALUES (?, ?, 'system', ?, 'recommendation.research_cooldown', 'recommendation', ?, ?, ?)`,
+      args: [
+        newId('auditEvent'),
+        workspaceId,
+        AUTO_APPROVE_ACTOR,
+        recommendationId,
+        JSON.stringify({ action, cooldownHours: RESEARCH_COOLDOWN_HOURS }),
+        now(),
+      ],
+    },
+  ]);
 }
 
 /** Who the audit trail credits for an unattended approval. */