diff --git a/pyagentspec/src/pyagentspec/serialization/pydanticdeserializationplugin.py b/pyagentspec/src/pyagentspec/serialization/pydanticdeserializationplugin.py
index dcc340c1..0be28ced 100644
--- a/pyagentspec/src/pyagentspec/serialization/pydanticdeserializationplugin.py
+++ b/pyagentspec/src/pyagentspec/serialization/pydanticdeserializationplugin.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Tuple, Type, cast
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
-from pydantic_core import InitErrorDetails
+from pydantic_core import InitErrorDetails, PydanticCustomError
 
 from pyagentspec.component import Component
 from pyagentspec.serialization.deserializationcontext import DeserializationContext
@@ -55,20 +55,35 @@ def deserialize(
             deserialization_context=deserialization_context,
         )
         if len(validation_errors) > 0:
-            line_errors = [
-                InitErrorDetails(
-                    type=e.type,
-                    loc=e.loc,
-                    input=(),
-                )
-                for e in validation_errors
-            ]
             raise ValidationError.from_exception_data(
                 title=component.__class__.__name__,
-                line_errors=line_errors,
+                line_errors=[self._to_line_error(e) for e in validation_errors],
             )
         return cast(Component, component)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_line_error(e: PyAgentSpecErrorDetails) -> InitErrorDetails:
+        """Rebuild a ``pydantic_core`` line error that surfaces the real cause.
+
+        A bare ``InitErrorDetails(type=e.type, ...)`` makes
+        ``ValidationError.from_exception_data`` re-derive each builtin type's
+        required ctx (``value_error`` needs ``{"error": <exc>}``; ``gt`` needs
+        ``gt``; …). The previous code supplied none, so a collected
+        ``value_error`` — any component ``model_validator`` that raises
+        ``ValueError`` — made ``from_exception_data`` itself raise
+        ``TypeError: 'error' required in context``, MASKING the real failure.
+
+        A ``PydanticCustomError`` carries the message directly (rendered
+        verbatim — no ctx, no template interpolation), so it reconstructs any
+        collected error, of any type, without the per-type ctx dance and
+        preserves both the original ``type`` and ``msg``.
+        """
+        return InitErrorDetails(
+            type=PydanticCustomError(e.type, e.msg),
+            loc=e.loc,
+            input=(),
+        )
+
     def _partial_deserialize(
         self, serialized_component: Dict[str, Any], deserialization_context: DeserializationContext
     ) -> Tuple[Component, List[PyAgentSpecErrorDetails]]:
diff --git a/pyagentspec/tests/serialization/test_deserialization_error_surfacing.py b/pyagentspec/tests/serialization/test_deserialization_error_surfacing.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f309006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyagentspec/tests/serialization/test_deserialization_error_surfacing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Copyright © 2025 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+#
+# This software is under the Apache License 2.0
+# (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) or Universal Permissive License
+# (UPL) 1.0 (LICENSE-UPL or https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl), at your option.
+
+"""The Pydantic deserialization plugin must SURFACE the collected validation
+errors, not mask them.
+
+Regression: collected errors were rebuilt into ``pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails``
+with no ``ctx``. ``ValidationError.from_exception_data`` requires
+``ctx={"error": <exc>}`` for ``value_error`` (and other builtins require their own
+ctx keys), so a collected ``value_error`` — e.g. any component ``model_validator``
+that raises ``ValueError`` — made ``from_exception_data`` itself raise
+``TypeError: 'error' required in context``, hiding the real cause.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+from pydantic_core import ValidationError as CoreValidationError
+
+from pyagentspec.serialization.pydanticdeserializationplugin import (
+    PydanticComponentDeserializationPlugin,
+)
+from pyagentspec.validation_helpers import PyAgentSpecErrorDetails
+
+
+def _raise(line_errors):
+    """Emulate the plugin's re-raise from a list of collected errors."""
+    return CoreValidationError.from_exception_data(
+        title="SomeComponent",
+        line_errors=[
+            PydanticComponentDeserializationPlugin._to_line_error(e) for e in line_errors
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def test_value_error_is_surfaced_not_masked() -> None:
+    """A collected ``value_error`` re-raises cleanly and keeps its message."""
+    collected = [
+        PyAgentSpecErrorDetails(
+            type="value_error",
+            msg="The AgentNode component expected a property titled `evidence_status`.",
+            loc=("outputs",),
+        )
+    ]
+
+    # Must NOT raise TypeError("'error' required in context") while building.
+    err = _raise(collected)
+
+    assert isinstance(err, (ValidationError, CoreValidationError))
+    [detail] = err.errors()
+    assert detail["type"] == "value_error"
+    assert detail["loc"] == ("outputs",)
+    # The message is rendered verbatim — no added/doubled "Value error, " prefix.
+    assert detail["msg"] == collected[0].msg
+
+
+def test_original_error_type_is_preserved() -> None:
+    """The reconstructed error keeps its original ``type`` (not flattened to
+    ``value_error``) and its message verbatim — never crashes on a ctx key it
+    would otherwise have to synthesise."""
+    collected = [
+        PyAgentSpecErrorDetails(type="missing", msg="Field required", loc=("name",))
+    ]
+
+    [detail] = _raise(collected).errors()
+    assert detail["type"] == "missing"
+    assert detail["msg"] == "Field required"
+
+
+def test_message_with_braces_is_not_interpreted() -> None:
+    """Messages carrying JSON (literal ``{`` / ``}``) survive verbatim — the
+    message must not be treated as a format template."""
+    msg = 'Invalid schema {"type": "object", "required": true} for {x}'
+    [detail] = _raise(
+        [PyAgentSpecErrorDetails(type="value_error", msg=msg, loc=("s",))]
+    ).errors()
+    assert detail["msg"] == msg
+
+
+def test_multiple_errors_all_surface() -> None:
+    collected = [
+        PyAgentSpecErrorDetails(type="value_error", msg="first problem", loc=("a",)),
+        PyAgentSpecErrorDetails(type="missing", msg="second problem", loc=("b",)),
+    ]
+
+    err = _raise(collected)
+
+    msgs = {d["msg"] for d in err.errors()}
+    assert msgs == {"first problem", "second problem"}
+    assert err.error_count() == 2