diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index 48d94e4d..56bf3997 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
         "graphql": "^16.14.0",
         "graphql-ws": "^6.0.8",
         "highlight.js": "^11.11.1",
+        "i18next": "25.6.3",
         "js-cookie": "^3.0.7",
         "lodash": "^4.18.1",
         "lowlight": "^3.3.0",
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@
         "react-diff-viewer-continued": "^4.2.2",
         "react-dom": "^19.2.6",
         "react-hook-form": "^7.76.0",
+        "react-i18next": "16.5.0",
         "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
         "react-resizable-panels": "^4.11.1",
         "react-router-dom": "^7.15.1",
diff --git a/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml b/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 237fe8ea..0be3a898 100644
--- a/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -146,6 +146,9 @@ importers:
       highlight.js:
         specifier: ^11.11.1
         version: 11.11.1
+      i18next:
+        specifier: 25.6.3
+        version: 25.6.3(typescript@6.0.3)
       js-cookie:
         specifier: ^3.0.7
         version: 3.0.7
@@ -185,6 +188,9 @@ importers:
       react-hook-form:
         specifier: ^7.76.0
         version: 7.76.0(react@19.2.6)
+      react-i18next:
+        specifier: 16.5.0
+        version: 16.5.0(i18next@25.6.3(typescript@6.0.3))(react-dom@19.2.6(react@19.2.6))(react@19.2.6)(typescript@6.0.3)
       react-markdown:
         specifier: ^10.1.0
         version: 10.1.0(@types/react@19.2.14)(react@19.2.6)
@@ -3943,6 +3949,9 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  html-parse-stringify@3.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-KknJ50kTInJ7qIScF3jeaFRpMpE8/lfiTdzf/twXyPBLAGrLRTmkz3AdTnKeh40X8k9L2fdYwEp/42WGXIRGcg==}
+
   html-url-attributes@3.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ol6UPyBWqsrO6EJySPz2O7ZSr856WDrEzM5zMqp+FJJLGMW35cLYmmZnl0vztAZxRUoNZJFTCohfjuIJ8I4QBQ==}
 
@@ -3956,6 +3965,14 @@ packages:
   hyphen@1.14.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-kvL8xYl5QMTh+LwohVN72ciOxC0OEV79IPdJSTwEXok9y9QHebXGdFgrED4sWfiax/ODx++CAMk3hMy4XPJPOw==}
 
+  i18next@25.6.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-AEQvoPDljhp67a1+NsnG/Wb1Nh6YoSvtrmeEd24sfGn3uujCtXCF3cXpr7ulhMywKNFF7p3TX1u2j7y+caLOJg==}
+    peerDependencies:
+      typescript: ^5
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      typescript:
+        optional: true
+
   iconv-lite@0.7.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-im9DjEDQ55s9fL4EYzOAv0yMqmMBSZp6G0VvFyTMPKWxiSBHUj9NW/qqLmXUwXrrM7AvqSlTCfvqRb0cM8yYqw==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
@@ -5054,6 +5071,22 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       react: ^16.8.0 || ^17 || ^18 || ^19
 
+  react-i18next@16.5.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IMpPTyCTKxEj8klCrLKUTIUa8uYTd851+jcu2fJuUB9Agkk9Qq8asw4omyeHVnOXHrLgQJGTm5zTvn8HpaPiqw==}
+    peerDependencies:
+      i18next: '>= 25.6.2'
+      react: '>= 16.8.0'
+      react-dom: '*'
+      react-native: '*'
+      typescript: ^5
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      react-dom:
+        optional: true
+      react-native:
+        optional: true
+      typescript:
+        optional: true
+
   react-is@16.13.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-24e6ynE2H+OKt4kqsOvNd8kBpV65zoxbA4BVsEOB3ARVWQki/DHzaUoC5KuON/BiccDaCCTZBuOcfZs70kR8bQ==}
 
@@ -5869,6 +5902,10 @@ packages:
       jsdom:
         optional: true
 
+  void-elements@3.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Dhxzh5HZuiHQhbvTW9AMetFfBHDMYpo23Uo9btPXgdYP+3T5S+p+jgNy7spra+veYhBP2dCSgxR/i2Y02h5/6w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
+
   w3c-keyname@2.2.8:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dpojBhNsCNN7T82Tm7k26A6G9ML3NkhDsnw9n/eoxSRlVBB4CEtIQ/KTCLI2Fwf3ataSXRhYFkQi3SlnFwPvPQ==}
 
@@ -9992,6 +10029,10 @@ snapshots:
       relateurl: 0.2.7
       terser: 5.47.1
 
+  html-parse-stringify@3.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      void-elements: 3.1.0
+
   html-url-attributes@3.0.1: {}
 
   html-void-elements@3.0.0: {}
@@ -10005,6 +10046,12 @@ snapshots:
 
   hyphen@1.14.1: {}
 
+  i18next@25.6.3(typescript@6.0.3):
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/runtime': 7.29.2
+    optionalDependencies:
+      typescript: 6.0.3
+
   iconv-lite@0.7.2:
     dependencies:
       safer-buffer: 2.1.2
@@ -11267,6 +11314,17 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       react: 19.2.6
 
+  react-i18next@16.5.0(i18next@25.6.3(typescript@6.0.3))(react-dom@19.2.6(react@19.2.6))(react@19.2.6)(typescript@6.0.3):
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/runtime': 7.29.2
+      html-parse-stringify: 3.0.1
+      i18next: 25.6.3(typescript@6.0.3)
+      react: 19.2.6
+      use-sync-external-store: 1.6.0(react@19.2.6)
+    optionalDependencies:
+      react-dom: 19.2.6(react@19.2.6)
+      typescript: 6.0.3
+
   react-is@16.13.1: {}
 
   react-is@17.0.2: {}
@@ -12183,6 +12241,8 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - msw
 
+  void-elements@3.1.0: {}
+
   w3c-keyname@2.2.8: {}
 
   w3c-xmlserializer@5.0.0:
diff --git a/frontend/src/app.tsx b/frontend/src/app.tsx
index 7e3e9d93..550e66d2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/app.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/client/react';
 import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import {
     createBrowserRouter,
     createRoutesFromElements,
@@ -273,11 +274,16 @@ const router = createBrowserRouter(
 );
 
 function App() {
+    const { i18n } = useTranslation();
+
     return (
         <ApolloProvider client={client}>
             <ThemeProvider>
                 <Toaster />
-                <RouterProvider router={router} />
+                <RouterProvider
+                    key={i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language}
+                    router={router}
+                />
             </ThemeProvider>
         </ApolloProvider>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/chart-card.tsx b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/chart-card.tsx
index 03e38304..811ec4ad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/chart-card.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/chart-card.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { BarChart2, Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { ResponsiveContainer } from 'recharts';
 
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 export function ChartCard({
     children,
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export function ChartCard({
                         style={{ height }}
                     >
                         <BarChart2 className="text-muted-foreground/30 size-10" />
-                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">No data for this period</p>
+                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{uiT('No data for this period')}</p>
                     </div>
                 ) : (
                     <ResponsiveContainer
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/layouts/main-sidebar.tsx b/frontend/src/components/layouts/main-sidebar.tsx
index 56041c6a..b3f4d1f3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/layouts/main-sidebar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/layouts/main-sidebar.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
     Folder,
     GitFork,
     KeyRound,
+    Languages,
     LayoutDashboard,
     LibraryBig,
     LogOut,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ import {
     UserIcon,
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Link, useMatch, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
 
 import type { Flow } from '@/providers/sidebar-flows-provider';
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ import { Tabs, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { PasswordChangeForm } from '@/features/authentication/password-change-form';
 import { useResourcesUpload } from '@/features/resources/use-resources-upload';
 import { useTheme } from '@/hooks/use-theme';
+import { normalizeLanguage } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFavorites } from '@/providers/favorites-provider';
 import { useSidebarFlows } from '@/providers/sidebar-flows-provider';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ interface FlowMenuItemProps {
 }
 
 export function MainSidebar() {
+    const { i18n, t } = useTranslation();
     const [isPasswordModalOpen, setIsPasswordModalOpen] = useState(false);
     const isDashboardActive = useMatch('/dashboard');
     const isFlowsActive = useMatch('/flows/*');
@@ -81,6 +85,9 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
 
     const resourcesUpload = useResourcesUpload();
 
+    const currentLanguage = normalizeLanguage(i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language);
+    const nextLanguage = currentLanguage === 'zh-CN' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN';
+
     const flowId = useMemo(() => (flowIdParam ? Number(flowIdParam) : null), [flowIdParam]);
 
     const favoriteFlows = useMemo(
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 <SidebarMenuButton asChild>
                                     <Link to="/flows/new">
                                         <Plus />
-                                        New Flow
+                                        {t('navigation.newFlow')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                             </SidebarMenuItem>
@@ -133,7 +140,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 >
                                     <Link to="/dashboard">
                                         <LayoutDashboard />
-                                        Dashboard
+                                        {t('navigation.dashboard')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                             </SidebarMenuItem>
@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 >
                                     <Link to="/flows">
                                         <GitFork />
-                                        Flows
+                                        {t('navigation.flows')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                                 <SidebarMenuAction
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 >
                                     <Link to="/templates">
                                         <FileText />
-                                        Templates
+                                        {t('navigation.templates')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                                 <SidebarMenuAction
@@ -184,14 +191,14 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 >
                                     <Link to="/resources">
                                         <Folder />
-                                        Resources
+                                        {t('navigation.resources')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                                 <SidebarMenuAction
                                     className="data-[state=open]:bg-accent rounded-sm"
                                     onClick={resourcesUpload.openFilePicker}
                                     showOnHover
-                                    title="Upload file"
+                                    title={t('navigation.uploadFile')}
                                     type="button"
                                 >
                                     <Plus />
@@ -204,7 +211,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                 >
                                     <Link to="/knowledges">
                                         <LibraryBig />
-                                        Knowledges
+                                        {t('navigation.knowledges')}
                                     </Link>
                                 </SidebarMenuButton>
                                 <SidebarMenuAction
@@ -225,7 +232,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                     <SidebarGroup>
                         <SidebarGroupLabel className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <Clock />
-                            Recent Flows
+                            {t('navigation.recentFlows')}
                         </SidebarGroupLabel>
                         <SidebarGroupContent>
                             <SidebarMenu>
@@ -247,7 +254,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                     <SidebarGroup>
                         <SidebarGroupLabel className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <Star />
-                            Favorite Flows
+                            {t('navigation.favoriteFlows')}
                         </SidebarGroupLabel>
                         <SidebarGroupContent>
                             <SidebarMenu>
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                         >
                             <Link to="/settings">
                                 <Settings />
-                                Settings
+                                {t('navigation.settings')}
                             </Link>
                         </SidebarMenuButton>
                     </SidebarMenuItem>
@@ -325,7 +332,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                     onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                                 >
                                     <Settings2 />
-                                    Theme
+                                    {t('navigation.theme')}
                                     <Tabs
                                         className="-my-1.5 -mr-2 ml-auto"
                                         onValueChange={(value) => setTheme(value as Theme)}
@@ -333,21 +340,21 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                     >
                                         <TabsList className="h-7 p-0.5">
                                             <TabsTrigger
-                                                aria-label="System theme"
+                                                aria-label={t('navigation.themeSystem')}
                                                 className="h-6 px-2"
                                                 value="system"
                                             >
                                                 <Monitor className="size-4" />
                                             </TabsTrigger>
                                             <TabsTrigger
-                                                aria-label="Light theme"
+                                                aria-label={t('navigation.themeLight')}
                                                 className="h-6 px-2"
                                                 value="light"
                                             >
                                                 <Sun className="size-4" />
                                             </TabsTrigger>
                                             <TabsTrigger
-                                                aria-label="Dark theme"
+                                                aria-label={t('navigation.themeDark')}
                                                 className="h-6 px-2"
                                                 value="dark"
                                             >
@@ -356,19 +363,26 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
                                         </TabsList>
                                     </Tabs>
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
+                                <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => void i18n.changeLanguage(nextLanguage)}>
+                                    <Languages className="mr-2 size-4" />
+                                    {t('language.label')}
+                                    <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-auto text-xs">
+                                        {t('language.action')}
+                                    </span>
+                                </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 {user?.type === 'local' && (
                                     <>
                                         <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                         <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => setIsPasswordModalOpen(true)}>
                                             <KeyRound className="mr-2 size-4" />
-                                            Change Password
+                                            {t('navigation.changePassword')}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
                                     </>
                                 )}
                                 <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                 <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => logout()}>
                                     <LogOut className="mr-2 size-4" />
-                                    Log out
+                                    {t('navigation.logOut')}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                             </DropdownMenuContent>
                         </DropdownMenu>
@@ -394,7 +408,7 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
             >
                 <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[425px]">
                     <DialogHeader>
-                        <DialogTitle>Change Password</DialogTitle>
+                        <DialogTitle>{t('navigation.changePassword')}</DialogTitle>
                     </DialogHeader>
                     <PasswordChangeForm
                         onCancel={() => setIsPasswordModalOpen(false)}
@@ -407,6 +421,8 @@ export function MainSidebar() {
 }
 
 function FlowMenuItem({ activeFlowId, flow, isFavorite, onToggleFavorite }: FlowMenuItemProps) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+
     return (
         <SidebarMenuItem>
             <SidebarMenuButton
@@ -424,7 +440,7 @@ function FlowMenuItem({ activeFlowId, flow, isFavorite, onToggleFavorite }: Flow
                 </Link>
             </SidebarMenuButton>
             <SidebarMenuAction
-                aria-label="Toggle favorite"
+                aria-label={t('navigation.toggleFavorite')}
                 aria-pressed={isFavorite}
                 className="data-[state=open]:bg-accent rounded-sm"
                 onClick={() => onToggleFavorite(flow.id)}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/layouts/settings-layout.tsx b/frontend/src/components/layouts/settings-layout.tsx
index 64f3deb1..d172fd8a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/layouts/settings-layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/layouts/settings-layout.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
     SidebarProvider,
     SidebarTrigger,
 } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 export interface MenuItem {
     icon?: React.ReactNode;
@@ -35,19 +36,19 @@ const menuItems: readonly MenuItem[] = [
         icon: <Plug className="size-4" />,
         id: 'providers',
         path: '/settings/providers',
-        title: 'Providers',
+        title: uiT('Providers'),
     },
     {
         icon: <FileText className="size-4" />,
         id: 'prompts',
         path: '/settings/prompts',
-        title: 'Prompts',
+        title: uiT('Prompts'),
     },
     {
         icon: <Key className="size-4" />,
         id: 'api-tokens',
         path: '/settings/api-tokens',
-        title: 'API Tokens',
+        title: uiT('API Tokens'),
     },
 ] as const;
 
@@ -59,24 +60,24 @@ function SettingsHeader() {
         const path = location.pathname;
 
         if (path === '/settings/providers/new') {
-            return 'Create Provider';
+            return uiT('Create Provider');
         }
 
         if (path.startsWith('/settings/providers/') && params.providerId && params.providerId !== 'new') {
-            return 'Edit Provider';
+            return uiT('Edit Provider');
         }
 
         if (path === '/settings/prompts/new') {
-            return 'Create Prompt';
+            return uiT('Create Prompt');
         }
 
         if (path.startsWith('/settings/prompts/') && params.promptId && params.promptId !== 'new') {
-            return 'Edit Prompt';
+            return uiT('Edit Prompt');
         }
 
         const activeItem = menuItems.find((item) => path.startsWith(item.path));
 
-        return activeItem?.title ?? 'Settings';
+        return activeItem?.title ?? uiT('Settings');
     }, [location.pathname, params]);
 
     return (
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ function SettingsSidebar() {
                             <SettingsIcon className="size-6" />
                         </div>
                         <div className="grid flex-1 text-left leading-tight">
-                            <span className="truncate font-semibold">Settings</span>
+                            <span className="truncate font-semibold">{uiT('Settings')}</span>
                         </div>
                     </SidebarMenuItem>
                 </SidebarMenu>
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ function SettingsSidebar() {
                 <SidebarMenuButton asChild>
                     <NavLink to="/flows">
                         <ArrowLeft className="size-4" />
-                        Back to App
+                        {uiT('Back to App')}
                     </NavLink>
                 </SidebarMenuButton>
             </SidebarFooter>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/confirmation-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/confirmation-dialog.tsx
index 1ec2bacb..61982cf1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/confirmation-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/confirmation-dialog.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
     DialogHeader,
     DialogTitle,
 } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 type ConfirmationDialogIconProps = ReactElement<React.SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>>;
@@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ interface ConfirmationDialogProps {
 
 function ConfirmationDialog({
     cancelIcon,
-    cancelText = 'Cancel',
+    cancelText = uiT('Cancel'),
     cancelVariant = 'outline',
     confirmIcon = <Trash2 />,
-    confirmText = 'Confirm',
+    confirmText = uiT('Confirm'),
     confirmVariant = 'destructive',
     description,
     handleConfirm,
@@ -54,14 +55,16 @@ function ConfirmationDialog({
     // see "Confirm Action" for a Delete prompt or a Save prompt. Explicit
     // `title` always wins.
     const verb = confirmText.trim();
-    const resolvedTitle = title ?? (verb && verb !== 'Confirm' ? `${verb} ${itemType}` : 'Confirm Action');
-
-    const defaultDescription = description || (
-        <>
-            Are you sure you want to {verb.toLowerCase() || 'perform this action on'}{' '}
-            <strong className="text-foreground font-semibold">{itemName}</strong> {itemType}?
-        </>
-    );
+    const resolvedTitle =
+        title ?? (verb && verb !== uiT('Confirm') ? `${verb} ${uiT(itemType)}` : uiT('Confirm Action'));
+
+    const defaultDescription =
+        description ||
+        uiT('Are you sure you want to {{verb}} {{itemName}} {{itemType}}?', {
+            itemName,
+            itemType: uiT(itemType),
+            verb: verb.toLowerCase() || uiT('perform this action on'),
+        });
 
     const processIcon = (icon?: ConfirmationDialogIconProps): ConfirmationDialogIconProps | null => {
         if (!icon) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-buttons.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-buttons.tsx
index d60451f4..7e187c28 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-buttons.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-buttons.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 import type { DetailNavigationController } from './use-detail-navigation';
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export function DetailNavigationButtons<T extends { id: string }>({
             <Tooltip>
                 <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="Previous"
+                        aria-label={uiT('Previous')}
                         className={cn(sideButtonSize, 'rounded-r-none border-r-0 p-0')}
                         disabled={!controller.prevId}
                         onClick={controller.goToPrev}
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export function DetailNavigationButtons<T extends { id: string }>({
                         <ChevronLeft />
                     </Button>
                 </TooltipTrigger>
-                <TooltipContent>Previous</TooltipContent>
+                <TooltipContent>{uiT('Previous')}</TooltipContent>
             </Tooltip>
             <Tooltip>
                 <TooltipTrigger asChild>
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ export function DetailNavigationButtons<T extends { id: string }>({
             <Tooltip>
                 <TooltipTrigger asChild>
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="Next"
+                        aria-label={uiT('Next')}
                         className={cn(sideButtonSize, 'rounded-l-none border-l-0 p-0')}
                         disabled={!controller.nextId}
                         onClick={controller.goToNext}
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ export function DetailNavigationButtons<T extends { id: string }>({
                         <ChevronRight />
                     </Button>
                 </TooltipTrigger>
-                <TooltipContent>Next</TooltipContent>
+                <TooltipContent>{uiT('Next')}</TooltipContent>
             </Tooltip>
         </div>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-sheet.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-sheet.tsx
index fba58137..a7df7261 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-sheet.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/detail-navigation/detail-navigation-sheet.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { type KeyboardEvent, type ReactNode, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, us
 import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { Sheet, SheetContent, SheetHeader, SheetTitle } from '@/components/ui/sheet';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 import type { DetailNavigationController } from './use-detail-navigation';
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ export function DetailNavigationSheet<T extends { id: string }>({
                             {hasClearButton ? (
                                 <InputGroupAddon align="inline-end">
                                     <InputGroupButton
-                                        aria-label="Clear search"
+                                        aria-label={uiT('Clear search')}
                                         onClick={handleSearchClear}
                                         size="icon-sm"
                                         type="button"
@@ -433,8 +434,8 @@ export function DetailNavigationSheet<T extends { id: string }>({
                 ) : (
                     <div className="text-muted-foreground flex flex-1 items-center justify-center px-4 text-center text-sm">
                         {trimmedQuery.length > 0
-                            ? `No items match "${trimmedQuery}".`
-                            : 'No items match the current filter.'}
+                            ? uiT('No items match "{{query}}".', { query: trimmedQuery })
+                            : uiT('No items match the current filter.')}
                     </div>
                 )}
             </SheetContent>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/document-title.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/document-title.tsx
index 5b4cd327..90df2fa6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/document-title.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/document-title.tsx
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const hasTitle = (handle: unknown): handle is { title: TitleResolver } => {
  * Document `<title>` driver. Walks `useMatches()` for the deepest route
  * exposing `handle.title` and renders accordingly:
  *
- *   handle: { title: 'Dashboard' }                          // static
+ *   handle: { title: uiT('Dashboard') }                          // static
  *   handle: { title: (p) => formatPromptId(p.promptId!) }   // params-derived
  *   handle: { title: FlowTitle }                            // reactive (Apollo)
  *
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-actions.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-actions.tsx
index 04c1afba..62b6845a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-actions.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-actions.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { ClipboardCopy, Copy, Download, FileSymlink, FolderOutput, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
+
 import type { FileManagerAction, FileManagerBulkAction, FileNode } from './file-manager-types';
 
 /**
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ export const downloadAction = (
         getHrefDownloadAttr: (file) => (file.isDir ? `${file.name}.${archiveExtension}` : file.name),
         icon: Download,
         id: '__builtin_download',
-        label: 'Download',
+        label: uiT('Download'),
         onSelect: () => {},
     };
 };
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ export const copyPathAction = (onCopyPath: (file: FileNode) => void): FileManage
     appliesToDirs: true,
     icon: ClipboardCopy,
     id: '__builtin_copy_path',
-    label: 'Copy path',
+    label: uiT('Copy path'),
     onSelect: onCopyPath,
 });
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ export const deleteAction = (onDelete: (file: FileNode) => void): FileManagerAct
     appliesToDirs: true,
     icon: Trash2,
     id: '__builtin_delete',
-    label: 'Delete',
+    label: uiT('Delete'),
     onSelect: onDelete,
     separatorBefore: true,
 });
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ export const bulkDeleteAction = (
     onDelete: (files: FileNode[]) => Promise<void> | void,
     options: BulkDeleteOptions = {},
 ): FileManagerBulkAction => {
-    const label = options.label ?? 'Delete';
+    const label = options.label ?? uiT('Delete');
 
     return {
         confirm: {
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ export const bulkCopyPathsAction = (
 ): FileManagerBulkAction => ({
     icon: ClipboardCopy,
     id: '__builtin_bulk_copy_paths',
-    label: options.label ?? 'Copy paths',
+    label: options.label ?? uiT('Copy paths'),
     onSelect: (files) => onCopy(files.map((file) => file.path)),
     overflow: options.overflow ?? true,
 });
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ export const bulkPromoteAction = (
 ): FileManagerBulkAction => ({
     icon: FolderOutput,
     id: '__builtin_bulk_promote',
-    label: options.label ?? 'Save as resources',
+    label: options.label ?? uiT('Save as resources'),
     onSelect: onPromote,
     overflow: options.overflow,
 });
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ export const bulkDownloadAction = (
 ): FileManagerBulkAction => ({
     icon: Download,
     id: '__builtin_bulk_download',
-    label: options.label ?? 'Download',
+    label: options.label ?? uiT('Download'),
     onSelect: (files) => {
         if (files.length === 0) {
             return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-bulk-actions-bar.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-bulk-actions-bar.tsx
index 212e17e7..554bd0c3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-bulk-actions-bar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-bulk-actions-bar.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
     DropdownMenuTrigger,
 } from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 import type { FileManagerBulkAction, FileManagerLabels, FileNode } from './file-manager-types';
@@ -137,8 +138,8 @@ export function FileManagerBulkActionsBar({
     const baseSelectedText = labels.selectedLabel?.(selectedPaths.size) ?? `${selectedPaths.size} selected`;
     const sizeSuffix = (labels.formatSelectionSize ?? formatFileSize)(selectionTotalBytes);
     const selectedText = sizeSuffix ? `${baseSelectedText} · ${sizeSuffix}` : baseSelectedText;
-    const cancelText = labels.bulkCancel ?? 'Cancel';
-    const moreActionsText = labels.bulkMoreActions ?? 'More actions';
+    const cancelText = labels.bulkCancel ?? uiT('Cancel');
+    const moreActionsText = labels.bulkMoreActions ?? uiT('More actions');
 
     return (
         <>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-row.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-row.tsx
index 64f6041f..f8956157 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-row.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager-row.tsx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
     DropdownMenuSeparator,
     DropdownMenuTrigger,
 } from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 import type { FileManagerAction, FileManagerInternalNode, FileNode } from './file-manager-types';
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ function FileManagerRowImpl({
                         <DropdownMenu onOpenChange={setIsDropdownMenuOpen}>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Row actions"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Row actions')}
                                     className="opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 data-[state=open]:opacity-100"
                                     size="icon-xs"
                                     variant="ghost"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager.tsx
index f7b217e2..6b63b5aa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/file-manager/file-manager.tsx
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
     ContextMenuTrigger,
 } from '@/components/ui/context-menu';
 import { useLatestRef } from '@/hooks/use-latest-ref';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 import type { FileManagerRowDisplay, FileManagerRowHandlers } from './file-manager-row';
@@ -460,7 +461,7 @@ export function FileManager({
     // clicks outside any row, which is the entire point.
     const treeBody = (
         <div
-            aria-label="File tree"
+            aria-label={uiT('File tree')}
             aria-multiselectable={isCheckboxVisible || undefined}
             className={cn(
                 'flex flex-1 flex-col overflow-y-auto py-1 transition-colors',
@@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ export function FileManager({
             >
                 {isCheckboxVisible ? (
                     <Checkbox
-                        aria-label={effectiveLabels.selectAllAriaLabel ?? 'Select all'}
+                        aria-label={effectiveLabels.selectAllAriaLabel ?? uiT('Select all')}
                         checked={getCheckboxState(isAllSelected, isSomeSelected)}
                         onCheckedChange={toggleSelectAll}
                     />
@@ -536,8 +537,8 @@ export function FileManager({
                             aria-expanded={isAllExpanded}
                             aria-label={
                                 isAllExpanded
-                                    ? (effectiveLabels.collapseAllAriaLabel ?? 'Collapse all')
-                                    : (effectiveLabels.expandAllAriaLabel ?? 'Expand all')
+                                    ? (effectiveLabels.collapseAllAriaLabel ?? uiT('Collapse all'))
+                                    : (effectiveLabels.expandAllAriaLabel ?? uiT('Expand all'))
                             }
                             className="text-muted-foreground hover:bg-muted hover:text-primary focus-visible:ring-ring -mx-0.5 inline-flex size-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded transition-colors outline-none focus-visible:ring-1"
                             onClick={toggleExpandAll}
@@ -553,11 +554,16 @@ export function FileManager({
                             className="-mx-0.5 size-4 shrink-0"
                         />
                     )}
-                    {renderSortableHeader('name', effectiveLabels.columnName ?? 'Name', isNameSortable)}
+                    {renderSortableHeader('name', effectiveLabels.columnName ?? uiT('Name'), isNameSortable)}
                 </div>
-                {isSizeVisible && renderSortableHeader('size', effectiveLabels.columnSize ?? 'Size', isSizeSortable)}
+                {isSizeVisible &&
+                    renderSortableHeader('size', effectiveLabels.columnSize ?? uiT('Size'), isSizeSortable)}
                 {isModifiedVisible &&
-                    renderSortableHeader('modified', effectiveLabels.columnModified ?? 'Modified', isModifiedSortable)}
+                    renderSortableHeader(
+                        'modified',
+                        effectiveLabels.columnModified ?? uiT('Modified'),
+                        isModifiedSortable,
+                    )}
                 {hasActions && (
                     <span
                         aria-hidden="true"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/inline-edit/inline-edit-input.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/inline-edit/inline-edit-input.tsx
index 656efbad..bd975fdc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/inline-edit/inline-edit-input.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/inline-edit/inline-edit-input.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Check, Loader2, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import { type KeyboardEvent, type Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 interface InlineEditInputProps {
@@ -94,14 +95,14 @@ export function InlineEditInput({
                 className="gap-0 pr-2"
             >
                 <InputGroupButton
-                    aria-label="Save"
+                    aria-label={uiT('Save')}
                     disabled={busy}
                     onClick={onSave}
                 >
                     {busy ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : <Check />}
                 </InputGroupButton>
                 <InputGroupButton
-                    aria-label="Cancel"
+                    aria-label={uiT('Cancel')}
                     disabled={busy}
                     onClick={onCancel}
                 >
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/language-toggle.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/language-toggle.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7441c0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/language-toggle.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { Languages } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import { normalizeLanguage } from '@/lib/i18n';
+import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
+
+interface LanguageToggleProps {
+    className?: string;
+}
+
+export function LanguageToggle({ className }: LanguageToggleProps) {
+    const { i18n, t } = useTranslation();
+    const currentLanguage = normalizeLanguage(i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language);
+    const nextLanguage = currentLanguage === 'zh-CN' ? 'en-US' : 'zh-CN';
+
+    return (
+        <Button
+            aria-label={t('language.switchAriaLabel')}
+            className={cn('gap-2', className)}
+            onClick={() => void i18n.changeLanguage(nextLanguage)}
+            size="sm"
+            type="button"
+            variant="ghost"
+        >
+            <Languages className="size-4" />
+            {t('language.action')}
+        </Button>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/markdown-editor.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/markdown-editor.tsx
index cc6f9450..c451c3b4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/markdown-editor.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/markdown-editor.tsx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { Markdown } from 'tiptap-markdown';
 
 import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
 import { Toggle } from '@/components/ui/toggle';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 export interface MarkdownEditorHandle {
@@ -330,20 +331,20 @@ function MarkdownEditorToolbar({ disabled, editor }: MarkdownEditorToolbarProps)
             data-slot="markdown-editor-toolbar"
         >
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Bold"
+                aria-label={uiT('Bold')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBold().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('bold')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Bold (Ctrl+B)"
+                title={uiT('Bold (Ctrl+B)')}
             >
                 <Bold />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Italic"
+                aria-label={uiT('Italic')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleItalic().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('italic')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Italic (Ctrl+I)"
+                title={uiT('Italic (Ctrl+I)')}
             >
                 <Italic />
             </Toggle>
@@ -357,11 +358,11 @@ function MarkdownEditorToolbar({ disabled, editor }: MarkdownEditorToolbarProps)
                 <Strikethrough />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Inline code"
+                aria-label={uiT('Inline code')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleCode().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('code')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Inline code"
+                title={uiT('Inline code')}
             >
                 <Code />
             </Toggle>
@@ -372,29 +373,29 @@ function MarkdownEditorToolbar({ disabled, editor }: MarkdownEditorToolbarProps)
             />
 
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Heading 1"
+                aria-label={uiT('Heading 1')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleHeading({ level: 1 }).run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('heading', { level: 1 })}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Heading 1"
+                title={uiT('Heading 1')}
             >
                 <Heading1 />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Heading 2"
+                aria-label={uiT('Heading 2')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleHeading({ level: 2 }).run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('heading', { level: 2 })}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Heading 2"
+                title={uiT('Heading 2')}
             >
                 <Heading2 />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Heading 3"
+                aria-label={uiT('Heading 3')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleHeading({ level: 3 }).run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('heading', { level: 3 })}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Heading 3"
+                title={uiT('Heading 3')}
             >
                 <Heading3 />
             </Toggle>
@@ -405,20 +406,20 @@ function MarkdownEditorToolbar({ disabled, editor }: MarkdownEditorToolbarProps)
             />
 
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Bullet list"
+                aria-label={uiT('Bullet list')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBulletList().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('bulletList')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Bullet list"
+                title={uiT('Bullet list')}
             >
                 <List />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Ordered list"
+                aria-label={uiT('Ordered list')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleOrderedList().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('orderedList')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Ordered list"
+                title={uiT('Ordered list')}
             >
                 <ListOrdered />
             </Toggle>
@@ -429,60 +430,60 @@ function MarkdownEditorToolbar({ disabled, editor }: MarkdownEditorToolbarProps)
             />
 
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Blockquote"
+                aria-label={uiT('Blockquote')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBlockquote().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('blockquote')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Blockquote"
+                title={uiT('Blockquote')}
             >
                 <Quote />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Code block"
+                aria-label={uiT('Code block')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleCodeBlock().run()}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('codeBlock')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Code block"
+                title={uiT('Code block')}
             >
                 <Code2 />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Link"
+                aria-label={uiT('Link')}
                 onPressedChange={handleSetLink}
                 pressed={editor.isActive('link')}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Insert link"
+                title={uiT('Insert link')}
             >
                 <LinkIcon />
             </Toggle>
             <Toggle
-                aria-label="Horizontal rule"
+                aria-label={uiT('Horizontal rule')}
                 onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().setHorizontalRule().run()}
                 pressed={false}
                 size="sm"
-                title="Horizontal rule"
+                title={uiT('Horizontal rule')}
             >
                 <Minus />
             </Toggle>
 
             <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-0.5">
                 <Toggle
-                    aria-label="Undo"
+                    aria-label={uiT('Undo')}
                     disabled={!editor.can().undo()}
                     onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().undo().run()}
                     pressed={false}
                     size="sm"
-                    title="Undo (Ctrl+Z)"
+                    title={uiT('Undo (Ctrl+Z)')}
                 >
                     <Undo />
                 </Toggle>
                 <Toggle
-                    aria-label="Redo"
+                    aria-label={uiT('Redo')}
                     disabled={!editor.can().redo()}
                     onPressedChange={() => editor.chain().focus().redo().run()}
                     pressed={false}
                     size="sm"
-                    title="Redo (Ctrl+Shift+Z)"
+                    title={uiT('Redo (Ctrl+Shift+Z)')}
                 >
                     <Redo />
                 </Toggle>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/overwrite/overwrite-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/overwrite/overwrite-dialog.tsx
index ab91f4e6..cb52d5f4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/overwrite/overwrite-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/overwrite/overwrite-dialog.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Replace } from 'lucide-react';
 
 import ConfirmationDialog from '@/components/shared/confirmation-dialog';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 export interface OverwriteConflict {
     destination: string;
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ const buildDefaultDescription = (conflicts: OverwriteConflict[]): string | undef
     return undefined;
 };
 
-const buildDefaultConfirmText = (count: number): string => (count > 1 ? 'Replace all' : 'Replace');
+const buildDefaultConfirmText = (count: number): string => (count > 1 ? uiT('Replace all') : uiT('Replace'));
 
 /**
  * Shared "Replace or cancel" confirmation for destructive overwrite flows
@@ -63,11 +64,11 @@ export function OverwriteDialog({
     description,
     onCancel,
     onReplaceAll,
-    title = 'Replace existing item?',
+    title = uiT('Replace existing item?'),
 }: OverwriteDialogProps) {
     return (
         <ConfirmationDialog
-            cancelText="Cancel"
+            cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
             confirmIcon={<Replace />}
             confirmText={confirmText ?? buildDefaultConfirmText(conflicts.length)}
             confirmVariant="destructive"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/page-loader.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/page-loader.tsx
index a8f4345b..814c1a70 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/page-loader.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/page-loader.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
+
 function PageLoader() {
     return (
         <div className="grid h-screen w-full place-items-center">
-            <p>Loading...</p>
+            <p>{uiT('Loading...')}</p>
         </div>
     );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/shared/unsaved-changes/unsaved-changes-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/components/shared/unsaved-changes/unsaved-changes-dialog.tsx
index 472d0b31..391438a4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/shared/unsaved-changes/unsaved-changes-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/shared/unsaved-changes/unsaved-changes-dialog.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
     DialogTitle,
 } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
 import { Spinner } from '@/components/ui/spinner';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 export interface UnsavedChangesDialogProps {
     /** When `false`, the "Save & leave" button is disabled (e.g. form is invalid). */
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ export interface UnsavedChangesDialogProps {
 function UnsavedChangesDialog({
     canSave,
     description = 'You have unsaved changes on this page. Would you like to save them before leaving?',
-    discardText = 'Discard',
+    discardText = uiT('Discard'),
     handleCancel,
     handleDiscard,
     handleOpenChange,
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ function UnsavedChangesDialog({
     isOpen,
     isSavingFromDialog,
     saveIcon = <Save />,
-    saveText = 'Save',
+    saveText = uiT('Save'),
     title = 'Unsaved changes',
 }: UnsavedChangesDialogProps) {
     return (
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ function UnsavedChangesDialog({
                         onClick={handleCancel}
                         variant="outline"
                     >
-                        Cancel
+                        {uiT('Cancel')}
                     </Button>
                     <Button
                         disabled={isSavingFromDialog}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/autocomplete.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/autocomplete.tsx
index ce82af89..03fd8fc6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/autocomplete.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/autocomplete.tsx
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ interface AutocompleteContextValue {
  *  <Autocomplete value={path} onValueChange={setPath} onCommit={navigateTo}>
  *      <AutocompleteInput placeholder="/work" />
  *      <AutocompleteContent>
- *          <AutocompleteEmpty>No matches</AutocompleteEmpty>
+ *          <AutocompleteEmpty>{uiT('No matches')}</AutocompleteEmpty>
  *          <AutocompleteGroup heading="Known paths">
  *              {paths.map((p) => (
  *                  <AutocompleteItem key={p} value={p}>{p}</AutocompleteItem>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/breadcrumb.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/breadcrumb.tsx
index 97c5f69c..8ad20c8d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/breadcrumb.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/breadcrumb.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { ChevronRightIcon, DotsHorizontalIcon } from '@radix-ui/react-icons';
 import { Slot } from '@radix-ui/react-slot';
 import * as React from 'react';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 function Breadcrumb({
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ function BreadcrumbEllipsis({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<'span'
             {...props}
         >
             <DotsHorizontalIcon className="h-4 w-4" />
-            <span className="sr-only">More</span>
+            <span className="sr-only">{uiT('More')}</span>
         </span>
     );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/data-table.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/data-table.tsx
index e94a2964..e94e55fb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/data-table.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/data-table.tsx
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import { Table, TableBody, TableCell, TableHead, TableHeader, TableRow } from '@
 import { useEffectAfterMount } from '@/hooks/use-effect-after-mount';
 import { useLatestRef } from '@/hooks/use-latest-ref';
 import { usePageStorageKeys } from '@/hooks/use-page-storage-keys';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { migrateLegacyTableState, updateTableState } from '@/lib/table-state';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ interface DataTableFilterProps {
 
 function DataTableEmptyState({ entityName, filterValue }: DataTableEmptyStateProps) {
     if (!entityName) {
-        return <>No results.</>;
+        return <>{uiT('No results.')}</>;
     }
 
     const hasFilter = filterValue.length > 0;
@@ -179,10 +180,15 @@ function DataTableEmptyState({ entityName, filterValue }: DataTableEmptyStatePro
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <Icon />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>{hasFilter ? 'No matches' : `No ${entityName} yet`}</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>
+                    {hasFilter ? uiT('No matches') : uiT('No {{entity}} yet', { entity: uiT(entityName) })}
+                </EmptyTitle>
                 {hasFilter ? (
                     <EmptyDescription>
-                        No {entityName} match <code>{filterValue}</code>. Try a different query.
+                        {uiT('No {{entity}} match {{query}}. Try a different query.', {
+                            entity: uiT(entityName),
+                            query: filterValue,
+                        })}
                     </EmptyDescription>
                 ) : null}
             </EmptyHeader>
@@ -627,7 +633,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                     <DropdownMenu>
                         <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                             <Button
-                                aria-label="Search in"
+                                aria-label={uiT('Search in')}
                                 className="shrink-0"
                                 size="icon"
                                 variant="outline"
@@ -677,7 +683,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                 <DropdownMenu>
                     <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                         <Button
-                            aria-label="Columns"
+                            aria-label={uiT('Columns')}
                             className="ml-auto shrink-0"
                             size="icon"
                             variant="outline"
@@ -814,16 +820,20 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                 <div className="text-muted-foreground flex-1 text-xs text-nowrap">
                     {totalRows > 0 ? (
                         <>
-                            Showing {rangeStart}–{rangeEnd} of {totalRows}
+                            {uiT('Showing {{start}}–{{end}} of {{total}}', {
+                                end: rangeEnd,
+                                start: rangeStart,
+                                total: totalRows,
+                            })}
                         </>
                     ) : empty?.entityName ? (
-                        `No ${empty.entityName}`
+                        uiT('No {{entity}}', { entity: uiT(empty.entityName) })
                     ) : (
-                        'No results'
+                        uiT('No results')
                     )}
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                    <span className="text-xs font-medium">Rows per page</span>
+                    <span className="text-xs font-medium">{uiT('Rows per page')}</span>
                     <Select
                         onValueChange={(value) => {
                             const pageSize = value === 'all' ? data.length : Number.parseInt(value, 10);
@@ -846,7 +856,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                                     {size}
                                 </SelectItem>
                             ))}
-                            <SelectItem value="all">All</SelectItem>
+                            <SelectItem value="all">{uiT('All')}</SelectItem>
                         </SelectContent>
                     </Select>
                 </div>
@@ -862,7 +872,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                 )}
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="First page"
+                        aria-label={uiT('First page')}
                         disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
                         onClick={() => table.firstPage()}
                         size="icon-xs"
@@ -871,7 +881,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                         <ChevronsLeft />
                     </Button>
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="Previous page"
+                        aria-label={uiT('Previous page')}
                         disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
                         onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
                         size="icon-xs"
@@ -880,7 +890,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                         <ChevronLeft />
                     </Button>
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="Next page"
+                        aria-label={uiT('Next page')}
                         disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
                         onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
                         size="icon-xs"
@@ -889,7 +899,7 @@ function DataTable<TData, TValue = unknown>({
                         <ChevronRight />
                     </Button>
                     <Button
-                        aria-label="Last page"
+                        aria-label={uiT('Last page')}
                         disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
                         onClick={() => table.lastPage()}
                         size="icon-xs"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/dialog.tsx
index 9164acb9..37ab91f0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/dialog.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import * as DialogPrimitive from '@radix-ui/react-dialog';
 import { X } from 'lucide-react';
 import * as React from 'react';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 const Dialog = DialogPrimitive.Root;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ function DialogContent({ children, className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<t
                 {children}
                 <DialogPrimitive.Close className="ring-offset-background focus:ring-ring data-[state=open]:bg-accent data-[state=open]:text-muted-foreground absolute top-4 right-4 rounded-sm opacity-70 transition-opacity hover:opacity-100 focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:outline-hidden disabled:pointer-events-none">
                     <X className="h-4 w-4" />
-                    <span className="sr-only">Close</span>
+                    <span className="sr-only">{uiT('Close')}</span>
                 </DialogPrimitive.Close>
             </DialogPrimitive.Content>
         </DialogPortal>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/file-drop-zone.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/file-drop-zone.tsx
index 27e48535..b8c246b7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/file-drop-zone.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/file-drop-zone.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { UploadCloudIcon } from 'lucide-react';
 
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 export interface FileDropZoneProps {
@@ -30,14 +31,14 @@ export interface FileDropZoneProps {
  * `useResourcesUpload().openFilePicker`).
  */
 export function FileDropZone({
-    actionLabel = 'Browse files',
+    actionLabel = uiT('Browse files'),
     className,
     description = 'or click the button to choose files from your computer',
     hint,
     isDragging = false,
     isUploading = false,
     onBrowse,
-    title = 'Drag and drop your files',
+    title = uiT('Drag and drop your files'),
 }: FileDropZoneProps) {
     return (
         <div
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ export function FileDropZone({
                     isDragging && 'text-foreground scale-110',
                 )}
             />
-            <span className="text-sm font-medium">{isDragging ? 'Drop files here' : title}</span>
+            <span className="text-sm font-medium">{isDragging ? uiT('Drop files here') : title}</span>
             <span className="text-muted-foreground mt-1 max-w-md text-xs">{description}</span>
             <Button
                 className="mt-4 h-7 text-xs"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/input-search.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/input-search.tsx
index 8349e54d..cc6c61cb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/input-search.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/input-search.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { useDebouncedCallback } from 'use-debounce';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { Kbd, KbdGroup } from '@/components/ui/kbd';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { isMac } from '@/lib/utils/platform';
 
@@ -33,12 +34,12 @@ interface InputSearchProps {
  * through `handleClear`. A second `Escape` on an empty field collapses + blurs.
  */
 export function InputSearch({
-    ariaLabel = 'Search',
+    ariaLabel = uiT('Search'),
     className,
     hotkey = 'f',
     maxWidth = 140,
     onSearchChange,
-    placeholder = 'Search...',
+    placeholder = uiT('Search...'),
     searchQuery,
 }: InputSearchProps) {
     const [isExpanded, setIsExpanded] = useState(() => searchQuery.trim().length > 0);
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/sheet.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/sheet.tsx
index 93882abf..ca59cea8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/sheet.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/sheet.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Cross2Icon } from '@radix-ui/react-icons';
 import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority';
 import * as React from 'react';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 const Sheet = SheetPrimitive.Root;
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ function SheetContent({ children, className, container, overlay = true, side = '
             >
                 <SheetPrimitive.Close className="ring-offset-background focus:ring-ring data-[state=open]:bg-secondary absolute top-4 right-4 rounded-sm opacity-70 transition-opacity hover:opacity-100 focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:outline-hidden disabled:pointer-events-none">
                     <Cross2Icon className="h-4 w-4" />
-                    <span className="sr-only">Close</span>
+                    <span className="sr-only">{uiT('Close')}</span>
                 </SheetPrimitive.Close>
                 {children}
             </SheetPrimitive.Content>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/sidebar.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/sidebar.tsx
index 4feefbbb..d43f2d9e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/sidebar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/sidebar.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { Sheet, SheetContent, SheetDescription, SheetTitle } from '@/components/
 import { Skeleton } from '@/components/ui/skeleton';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipProvider, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 const SIDEBAR_COOKIE_NAME = 'sidebar:state';
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ function SidebarRail({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<'button'>) {
 
     return (
         <button
-            aria-label="Toggle Sidebar"
+            aria-label={uiT('Toggle Sidebar')}
             className={cn(
                 'hover:after:bg-sidebar-border absolute inset-y-0 z-20 hidden w-4 -translate-x-1/2 transition-all ease-linear group-data-[side=left]:-right-4 group-data-[side=right]:left-0 after:absolute after:inset-y-0 after:left-1/2 after:w-[2px] sm:flex',
                 'in-data-[side=left]:cursor-w-resize in-data-[side=right]:cursor-e-resize',
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ function SidebarRail({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<'button'>) {
             data-sidebar="rail"
             onClick={toggleSidebar}
             tabIndex={-1}
-            title="Toggle Sidebar"
+            title={uiT('Toggle Sidebar')}
             {...props}
         />
     );
@@ -467,7 +468,7 @@ function SidebarTrigger({ className, onClick, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<t
             {...props}
         >
             <PanelLeft />
-            <span className="sr-only">Toggle Sidebar</span>
+            <span className="sr-only">{uiT('Toggle Sidebar')}</span>
         </Button>
     );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/spinner.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/spinner.tsx
index 1f99cf0d..d4b7b119 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/spinner.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/spinner.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { LoaderCircleIcon, LoaderIcon, LoaderPinwheelIcon, type LucideProps } from 'lucide-react';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 export type SpinnerProps = LucideProps & {
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ function Bars({ size = 24, ...props }: SpinnerVariantProps) {
             xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
             {...props}
         >
-            <title>Loading...</title>
+            <title>{uiT('Loading...')}</title>
             <style>{`
       .spinner-bar {
         animation: spinner-bars-animation .8s linear infinite;
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ function Ellipsis({ size = 24, ...props }: SpinnerVariantProps) {
             xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
             {...props}
         >
-            <title>Loading...</title>
+            <title>{uiT('Loading...')}</title>
             <circle
                 cx="4"
                 cy="12"
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ function Infinite({ size = 24, ...props }: SpinnerVariantProps) {
             xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
             {...props}
         >
-            <title>Loading...</title>
+            <title>{uiT('Loading...')}</title>
             <path
                 d="M24.3 30C11.4 30 5 43.3 5 50s6.4 20 19.3 20c19.3 0 32.1-40 51.4-40 C88.6 30 95 43.3 95 50s-6.4 20-19.3 20C56.4 70 43.6 30 24.3 30z"
                 fill="none"
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ function Ring({ size = 24, ...props }: SpinnerVariantProps) {
             xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
             {...props}
         >
-            <title>Loading...</title>
+            <title>{uiT('Loading...')}</title>
             <g
                 fill="none"
                 fillRule="evenodd"
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/authentication/login-form.tsx b/frontend/src/features/authentication/login-form.tsx
index 16ae3bb7..256245d3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/authentication/login-form.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/authentication/login-form.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+import type { TFunction } from 'i18next';
+
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -16,25 +19,24 @@ import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
 import { PasswordChangeForm } from './password-change-form';
 
-const formSchema = z.object({
-    mail: z
-        .string()
-        .min(1, {
-            message: 'Login is required',
-        })
-        .refine(
-            (value) => z.string().email().safeParse(value).success || ['admin', 'demo'].includes(value.toLowerCase()),
-            {
-                message: 'Invalid login',
-            },
-        ),
-    password: z.string().min(1, {
-        message: 'Password is required',
-    }),
-});
-
-const errorMessage = 'Invalid login or password';
-const errorProviderMessage = 'Authentication failed';
+const createFormSchema = (t: TFunction) =>
+    z.object({
+        mail: z
+            .string()
+            .min(1, {
+                message: t('login.loginRequired'),
+            })
+            .refine(
+                (value) =>
+                    z.string().email().safeParse(value).success || ['admin', 'demo'].includes(value.toLowerCase()),
+                {
+                    message: t('login.invalidLogin'),
+                },
+            ),
+        password: z.string().min(1, {
+            message: t('login.passwordRequired'),
+        }),
+    });
 
 interface AuthProviderAction {
     icon: React.ReactNode;
@@ -42,25 +44,26 @@ interface AuthProviderAction {
     name: string;
 }
 
-const providerActions: AuthProviderAction[] = [
-    {
-        icon: <Google className="size-5" />,
-        id: 'google',
-        name: 'Continue with Google',
-    },
-    {
-        icon: <Github className="size-5" />,
-        id: 'github',
-        name: 'Continue with GitHub',
-    },
-];
-
 interface LoginFormProps {
     providers: string[]; // OAuth providers: ['google', 'github']
     returnUrl?: string;
 }
 
 function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const formSchema = useMemo(() => createFormSchema(t), [t]);
+    const providerActions: AuthProviderAction[] = [
+        {
+            icon: <Google className="size-5" />,
+            id: 'google',
+            name: t('login.continueWithGoogle'),
+        },
+        {
+            icon: <Github className="size-5" />,
+            id: 'github',
+            name: t('login.continueWithGithub'),
+        },
+    ];
     const form = useForm<z.infer<typeof formSchema>>({
         defaultValues: {
             mail: '',
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
             const result = await login(values);
 
             if (!result.success) {
-                setError(result.error || errorMessage);
+                setError(result.error || t('login.invalidLoginOrPassword'));
 
                 return;
             }
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
 
             navigate(returnUrl);
         } catch {
-            setError(errorMessage);
+            setError(t('login.invalidLoginOrPassword'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -106,14 +109,14 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
             const result = await loginWithOAuth(provider);
 
             if (!result.success) {
-                setError(result.error || errorProviderMessage);
+                setError(result.error || t('login.authenticationFailed'));
 
                 return;
             }
 
             navigate(returnUrl);
         } catch (error) {
-            setError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : errorMessage);
+            setError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t('login.invalidLoginOrPassword'));
         } finally {
             setIsSubmitting(false);
         }
@@ -155,10 +158,8 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
     if (shouldShowPasswordChange) {
         return (
             <div className="mx-auto flex w-[350px] flex-col gap-6">
-                <h1 className="text-center text-3xl font-bold">Update Password</h1>
-                <p className="text-muted-foreground text-center text-sm">
-                    You need to change your password before continuing.
-                </p>
+                <h1 className="text-center text-3xl font-bold">{t('login.passwordUpdateTitle')}</h1>
+                <p className="text-muted-foreground text-center text-sm">{t('login.passwordUpdateDescription')}</p>
                 <PasswordChangeForm
                     isModal={false}
                     onSkip={handleSkipPasswordChange}
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
                                 <div className="w-full border-t border-gray-300" />
                             </div>
                             <div className="relative flex justify-center text-sm">
-                                <span className="bg-background px-2">or</span>
+                                <span className="bg-background px-2">{t('login.or')}</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </>
@@ -213,12 +214,12 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
                         name="mail"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Login</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{t('login.loginLabel')}</FormLabel>
                                 <FormControl>
                                     <Input
                                         {...field}
                                         autoFocus
-                                        placeholder="Enter your email"
+                                        placeholder={t('login.emailPlaceholder')}
                                     />
                                 </FormControl>
                                 <FormMessage />
@@ -231,11 +232,11 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
                         name="password"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Password</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{t('login.passwordLabel')}</FormLabel>
                                 <FormControl>
                                     <Input
                                         {...field}
-                                        placeholder="Enter your password"
+                                        placeholder={t('login.passwordPlaceholder')}
                                         type="password"
                                     />
                                 </FormControl>
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ function LoginForm({ providers, returnUrl = '/flows/new' }: LoginFormProps) {
                     />
 
                     <FormSubmitButton className="w-full">
-                        <span>Sign in</span>
+                        <span>{t('login.signIn')}</span>
                     </FormSubmitButton>
 
                     {error && <FormMessage>{error}</FormMessage>}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/authentication/password-change-form.tsx b/frontend/src/features/authentication/password-change-form.tsx
index 30392a4f..c8e65826 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/authentication/password-change-form.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/authentication/password-change-form.tsx
@@ -10,15 +10,16 @@ import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, For
 import { FormSubmitButton } from '@/components/ui/form-submit-button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { api, type ApiErrorResponse, type ApiHttpError } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 const passwordChangeSchema = z
     .object({
-        confirmPassword: z.string().min(1, { message: 'Confirm your password' }),
-        currentPassword: z.string().min(1, { message: 'Current password is required' }),
+        confirmPassword: z.string().min(1, { message: uiT('Confirm your password') }),
+        currentPassword: z.string().min(1, { message: uiT('Current password is required') }),
         newPassword: z
             .string()
-            .min(8, { message: 'Password must be at least 8 characters' })
-            .max(100, { message: 'Password must not exceed 100 characters' })
+            .min(8, { message: uiT('Password must be at least 8 characters') })
+            .max(100, { message: uiT('Password must not exceed 100 characters') })
             .refine(
                 (password) => {
                     if (password.length > 15) {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
             setShowNewPassword(false);
             setShowConfirmPassword(false);
 
-            toast.success('Password successfully changed');
+            toast.success(uiT('Password successfully changed'));
 
             if (onSuccess) {
                 onSuccess();
@@ -103,17 +104,17 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
             const error = err as ApiHttpError;
             const responseData = error.response?.data as ApiErrorResponse | undefined;
 
-            let errorMessage = 'Failed to change password';
+            let errorMessage = uiT('Failed to change password');
 
             if (responseData?.msg) {
                 errorMessage = responseData.msg;
             } else if (responseData?.code) {
                 switch (responseData.code) {
                     case 'AuthRequired':
-                        errorMessage = 'Authentication required';
+                        errorMessage = uiT('Authentication required');
                         break;
                     case 'Users.ChangePasswordCurrentUser.InvalidCurrentPassword':
-                        errorMessage = 'Current password is incorrect';
+                        errorMessage = uiT('Current password is incorrect');
                         break;
                     case 'Users.ChangePasswordCurrentUser.InvalidNewPassword':
                         errorMessage = 'New password does not meet requirements';
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                         errorMessage = 'User not found';
                         break;
                     default:
-                        errorMessage = responseData.msg || error.message || 'Failed to change password';
+                        errorMessage = responseData.msg || error.message || uiT('Failed to change password');
                 }
             } else if (error.message) {
                 errorMessage = error.message;
@@ -146,12 +147,12 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                     name="currentPassword"
                     render={({ field }) => (
                         <FormItem>
-                            <FormLabel>Current Password</FormLabel>
+                            <FormLabel>{uiT('Current Password')}</FormLabel>
                             <FormControl>
                                 <div className="relative">
                                     <Input
                                         {...field}
-                                        placeholder="Enter your current password"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Enter your current password')}
                                         type={showCurrentPassword ? 'text' : 'password'}
                                     />
                                     <Button
@@ -180,12 +181,12 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                     name="newPassword"
                     render={({ field }) => (
                         <FormItem>
-                            <FormLabel>New Password</FormLabel>
+                            <FormLabel>{uiT('New Password')}</FormLabel>
                             <FormControl>
                                 <div className="relative">
                                     <Input
                                         {...field}
-                                        placeholder="Enter new password"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Enter new password')}
                                         type={showNewPassword ? 'text' : 'password'}
                                     />
                                     <Button
@@ -205,8 +206,9 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                                 </div>
                             </FormControl>
                             <FormDescription className="text-xs">
-                                Must be 16+ characters, or 8+ with number, lowercase, uppercase, and special character
-                                (!@#$&*)
+                                {uiT(
+                                    'Must be 16+ characters, or 8+ with number, lowercase, uppercase, and special character (!@#$&*)',
+                                )}
                             </FormDescription>
                             <FormMessage />
                         </FormItem>
@@ -218,7 +220,7 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                     name="confirmPassword"
                     render={({ field }) => (
                         <FormItem>
-                            <FormLabel>Confirm New Password</FormLabel>
+                            <FormLabel>{uiT('Confirm New Password')}</FormLabel>
                             <FormControl>
                                 <div className="relative">
                                     <Input
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                             type="button"
                             variant="ghost"
                         >
-                            Skip for now
+                            {uiT('Skip for now')}
                         </Button>
                     )}
                     {isModal && (
@@ -266,11 +268,11 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({
                             type="button"
                             variant="outline"
                         >
-                            Cancel
+                            {uiT('Cancel')}
                         </Button>
                     )}
                     <FormSubmitButton>
-                        <span>Update Password</span>
+                        <span>{uiT('Update Password')}</span>
                     </FormSubmitButton>
                 </div>
             </form>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agent.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agent.tsx
index 043c8d76..1885af5c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agent.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agent.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { AgentLogFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 import Markdown from '@/components/shared/markdown';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { copyMessageToClipboard } from '@/lib/clipboard';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
 import FlowAgentIcon from './flow-agent-icon';
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ function FlowAgent({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowAgentProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer"
                             onClick={() => setIsDetailsVisible(!isDetailsVisible)}
                         >
-                            {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                            {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                         </div>
                         {isDetailsVisible && result && (
                             <>
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ function FlowAgent({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowAgentProps) {
                             onClick={handleCopy}
                         />
                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                    <TooltipContent>Copy</TooltipContent>
+                    <TooltipContent>{uiT('Copy')}</TooltipContent>
                 </Tooltip>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground/50">{formatDate(new Date(createdAt))}</span>
                 {taskId && (
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agents.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agents.tsx
index 6951d706..8d643b11 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agents.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/agents/flow-agents.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Empty, EmptyContent, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTi
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 import FlowTasksDropdown from '../flow-tasks-dropdown';
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ function FlowAgents() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search agent logs..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search agent logs...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -229,8 +230,8 @@ function FlowAgents() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListFilter />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No agent logs found</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No agent logs found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                     <EmptyContent>
                         <Button
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ function FlowAgents() {
                             variant="outline"
                         >
                             <X />
-                            Reset filters
+                            {uiT('Reset filters')}
                         </Button>
                     </EmptyContent>
                 </Empty>
@@ -248,8 +249,10 @@ function FlowAgents() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Bot />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No agent logs available</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Agent logs will appear here when agents are working</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No agent logs available')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>
+                            {uiT('Agent logs will appear here when agents are working')}
+                        </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
             )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard-overview.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard-overview.tsx
index b090e50a..c77299a8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard-overview.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard-overview.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
     useUsageStatsByFlowQuery,
     useUsageStatsByModelAgentsForFlowQuery,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatCost, formatDuration, formatNumber, formatTokenCount } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
 export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
@@ -109,28 +110,28 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
                     description={`Subtasks: ${flowStats?.totalSubtasksCount ?? 0} · Assistants: ${flowStats?.totalAssistantsCount ?? 0}`}
                     icon={<GitFork className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={anyLoading}
-                    title="Tasks"
+                    title={uiT('Tasks')}
                     value={flowStats ? formatNumber(flowStats.totalTasksCount) : '0'}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
                     description={`Duration: ${toolcalls ? formatDuration(toolcalls.totalDurationSeconds) : '—'}`}
                     icon={<Activity className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={anyLoading}
-                    title="Tool Calls"
+                    title={uiT('Tool Calls')}
                     value={toolcalls ? formatNumber(toolcalls.totalCount) : '0'}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
-                    description="Input + Output tokens"
+                    description={uiT('Input + Output tokens')}
                     icon={<Cpu className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={anyLoading}
-                    title="Tokens"
+                    title={uiT('Tokens')}
                     value={formatTokenCount(totalTokens)}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
-                    description="LLM spending for this flow"
+                    description={uiT('LLM spending for this flow')}
                     icon={<CircleDollarSign className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={anyLoading}
-                    title="Cost"
+                    title={uiT('Cost')}
                     value={formatCost(totalCost)}
                 />
             </div>
@@ -138,9 +139,9 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
             {!!modelAgentRows.length && (
                 <Card>
                     <CardHeader>
-                        <CardTitle>Usage by Model &amp; Provider</CardTitle>
+                        <CardTitle>{uiT('Usage by Model & Provider')}</CardTitle>
                         <CardDescription>
-                            LLM token usage and costs grouped by model and provider, with agent types used
+                            {uiT('LLM token usage and costs grouped by model and provider, with agent types used')}
                         </CardDescription>
                     </CardHeader>
                     <CardContent>
@@ -150,16 +151,28 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
                             <Table>
                                 <TableHeader>
                                     <TableRow>
-                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Model</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Provider</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Agents</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Tokens In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Tokens Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cache In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cache Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cost In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cost Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Total Cost</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Model')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Provider')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Agents')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Tokens In')}
+                                        </TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Tokens Out')}
+                                        </TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Cache In')}
+                                        </TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Cache Out')}
+                                        </TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Cost In')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Cost Out')}
+                                        </TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                            {uiT('Total Cost')}
+                                        </TableHead>
                                     </TableRow>
                                 </TableHeader>
                                 <TableBody>
@@ -212,8 +225,10 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
             {!!agentTypeRows.length && (
                 <Card>
                     <CardHeader>
-                        <CardTitle>Usage by Agent Type</CardTitle>
-                        <CardDescription>LLM token usage and costs per agent type in this flow</CardDescription>
+                        <CardTitle>{uiT('Usage by Agent Type')}</CardTitle>
+                        <CardDescription>
+                            {uiT('LLM token usage and costs per agent type in this flow')}
+                        </CardDescription>
                     </CardHeader>
                     <CardContent>
                         {usageByAgentLoading ? (
@@ -222,14 +237,14 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
                             <Table>
                                 <TableHeader>
                                     <TableRow>
-                                        <TableHead>Agent Type</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Tokens In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Tokens Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Cache In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Cache Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Cost In</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Cost Out</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Total Cost</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead>{uiT('Agent Type')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Tokens In')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Tokens Out')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Cache In')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Cache Out')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Cost In')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Cost Out')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Total Cost')}</TableHead>
                                     </TableRow>
                                 </TableHeader>
                                 <TableBody>
@@ -250,8 +265,8 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
             {!!toolcallsByFunction.length && (
                 <Card>
                     <CardHeader>
-                        <CardTitle>Tool Calls by Function</CardTitle>
-                        <CardDescription>Execution statistics per tool function in this flow</CardDescription>
+                        <CardTitle>{uiT('Tool Calls by Function')}</CardTitle>
+                        <CardDescription>{uiT('Execution statistics per tool function in this flow')}</CardDescription>
                     </CardHeader>
                     <CardContent>
                         {toolcallsByFunctionLoading ? (
@@ -260,11 +275,11 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
                             <Table>
                                 <TableHeader>
                                     <TableRow>
-                                        <TableHead>Function</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead>Type</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Count</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Total Duration</TableHead>
-                                        <TableHead className="text-right">Avg Duration</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead>{uiT('Function')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead>{uiT('Type')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Count')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Total Duration')}</TableHead>
+                                        <TableHead className="text-right">{uiT('Avg Duration')}</TableHead>
                                     </TableRow>
                                 </TableHeader>
                                 <TableBody>
@@ -273,7 +288,7 @@ export function FlowDashboardOverview({ flowId }: { flowId: string }) {
                                             <TableCell className="font-medium">{item.functionName}</TableCell>
                                             <TableCell>
                                                 <Badge variant={item.isAgent ? 'secondary' : 'outline'}>
-                                                    {item.isAgent ? 'Agent' : 'Tool'}
+                                                    {item.isAgent ? uiT('Agent') : uiT('Tool')}
                                                 </Badge>
                                             </TableCell>
                                             <TableCell className="text-right">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard.tsx
index 3f181b6e..a5d07724 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { FlowDashboardOverview } from '@/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard-overview';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 function FlowDashboard() {
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ function FlowDashboard() {
     if (!flowId) {
         return (
             <div className="text-muted-foreground flex items-center justify-center py-12">
-                Select a flow to view the dashboard
+                {uiT('Select a flow to view the dashboard')}
             </div>
         );
     }
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ function FlowDashboard() {
     return (
         <Tabs defaultValue="overview">
             <TabsList className="hidden">
-                <TabsTrigger value="overview">Overview</TabsTrigger>
+                <TabsTrigger value="overview">{uiT('Overview')}</TabsTrigger>
             </TabsList>
 
             <TabsContent value="overview">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-attach-resources-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-attach-resources-dialog.tsx
index d0cc5899..ec2c1364 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-attach-resources-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-attach-resources-dialog.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
 import { Empty, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTitle } from '@/components/ui/empty';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { toFileNode } from '@/features/resources/resources-utils';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
 
 import { findAttachConflicts } from './flow-files-conflicts';
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
     const selectedCount = selectedPaths.size;
     const hasResources = resources.length > 0;
     const isAttachDisabled = selectedCount === 0;
-    const primaryLabel = selectedCount > 0 ? `Attach ${selectedCount}` : 'Attach';
+    const primaryLabel = selectedCount > 0 ? uiT('Attach {{count}}', { count: selectedCount }) : uiT('Attach');
     const overwriteLabel = selectedCount > 0 ? `Attach ${selectedCount} with overwrite` : 'Attach with overwrite';
 
     const emptyState = (
@@ -187,8 +188,8 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <FolderInput />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>Resource library is empty</EmptyTitle>
-                <EmptyDescription>Upload resources first to attach them to a flow.</EmptyDescription>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('Resource library is empty')}</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Upload resources first to attach them to a flow.')}</EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
     );
@@ -199,9 +200,9 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <Search />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>No matches</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No matches')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>
-                    No resources match <code>{searchQuery.trim()}</code>.
+                    {uiT('No resources match')} <code>{searchQuery.trim()}</code>.
                 </EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
@@ -213,12 +214,14 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                 <DialogHeader className="text-left">
                     <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                         <FolderInput className="size-4" />
-                        Attach resources
+                        {uiT('Attach resources')}
                     </DialogTitle>
                     <DialogDescription>
-                        Pick files and/or folders from your global library — they will be copied into{' '}
-                        <code>resources/</code> of this flow and made available at <code>/work/resources</code> inside
-                        the container.
+                        {uiT(
+                            'Pick files and/or folders from your global library. They will be copied into this flow at',
+                        )}{' '}
+                        <code>resources/</code> {uiT('and made available inside the container at')}{' '}
+                        <code>/work/resources</code>.
                     </DialogDescription>
                 </DialogHeader>
 
@@ -231,7 +234,7 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                             autoComplete="off"
                             disabled={isAttaching || isResourcesLoading}
                             onChange={(event) => setSearchQuery(event.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="Search resources..."
+                            placeholder={uiT('Search resources...')}
                             type="text"
                             value={searchQuery}
                         />
@@ -267,9 +270,9 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                 <DialogFooter className="flex-wrap gap-4 sm:items-center">
                     <span className="text-muted-foreground order-last mr-auto text-xs sm:order-first">
                         {selectedCount > 0
-                            ? `${selectedCount} selected`
+                            ? uiT('{{count}} selected', { count: selectedCount })
                             : hasResources
-                              ? 'Select one or more items'
+                              ? uiT('Select one or more items')
                               : ''}
                     </span>
                     <div className="flex flex-col-reverse gap-2 sm:ml-auto sm:flex-row sm:justify-end">
@@ -279,7 +282,7 @@ function FlowFilesAttachResourcesDialogBody({
                             type="button"
                             variant="outline"
                         >
-                            Cancel
+                            {uiT('Cancel')}
                         </Button>
                         <OverwriteButtons
                             isDisabled={isAttachDisabled}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-constants.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-constants.ts
index 5a6ac2dc..5ad401a6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-constants.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-constants.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { Folder, FolderUp, HardDrive } from 'lucide-react';
 
 import type { FileManagerRootGroup } from '@/components/shared/file-manager';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
+
 export const SEARCH_DEBOUNCE_MS = 300;
 
 export const UPLOADS_PATH_PREFIX = 'uploads';
@@ -9,9 +11,9 @@ export const RESOURCES_PATH_PREFIX = 'resources';
 export const CONTAINER_PATH_PREFIX = 'container';
 
 export const ROOT_GROUPS: FileManagerRootGroup[] = [
-    { defaultOpen: true, icon: FolderUp, id: 'uploads', label: 'Uploads', pathPrefix: UPLOADS_PATH_PREFIX },
-    { defaultOpen: true, icon: Folder, id: 'resources', label: 'Resources', pathPrefix: RESOURCES_PATH_PREFIX },
-    { defaultOpen: true, icon: HardDrive, id: 'container', label: 'Container', pathPrefix: CONTAINER_PATH_PREFIX },
+    { defaultOpen: true, icon: FolderUp, id: 'uploads', label: uiT('Uploads'), pathPrefix: UPLOADS_PATH_PREFIX },
+    { defaultOpen: true, icon: Folder, id: 'resources', label: uiT('Resources'), pathPrefix: RESOURCES_PATH_PREFIX },
+    { defaultOpen: true, icon: HardDrive, id: 'container', label: uiT('Container'), pathPrefix: CONTAINER_PATH_PREFIX },
 ];
 
 export const FLOW_FILES_API_PATH = (flowId: string) => `/flows/${flowId}/files/`;
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-promote-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-promote-dialog.tsx
index cd4e336d..5454a611 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-promote-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-promote-dialog.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
 import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
 
 import { stripFlowRootPrefix } from './flow-files-utils';
@@ -184,8 +185,12 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
     });
 
     const isSubmitDisabled = !form.formState.isValid;
-    const titleText = isMulti ? `Save ${files.length} items as resources` : 'Save as resource';
-    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti ? `Save ${files.length} with overwrite` : 'Save with overwrite';
+    const titleText = isMulti
+        ? uiT('Save {{count}} items as resources', { count: files.length })
+        : uiT('Save as resource');
+    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti
+        ? uiT('Save {{count}} with overwrite', { count: files.length })
+        : uiT('Save with overwrite');
 
     return (
         <>
@@ -198,13 +203,14 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
                     <DialogDescription>
                         {isMulti ? (
                             <>
-                                Promote every selected entry from this flow into your global resource library so you can
-                                reuse them in other flows.
+                                {uiT(
+                                    'Promote every selected entry from this flow into your global resource library so you can reuse them in other flows.',
+                                )}
                             </>
                         ) : (
                             <>
-                                Promote <code>{files[0].path}</code> from this flow into your global resource library so
-                                you can reuse it in other flows.
+                                {uiT('Promote')} <code>{files[0].path}</code> from this flow into your global resource
+                                library so you can reuse it in other flows.
                             </>
                         )}
                     </DialogDescription>
@@ -220,7 +226,9 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
                             name="destination"
                             render={({ field }) => (
                                 <FormItem>
-                                    <FormLabel>{isMulti ? 'Destination directory' : 'Destination path'}</FormLabel>
+                                    <FormLabel>
+                                        {isMulti ? uiT('Destination directory') : uiT('Destination path')}
+                                    </FormLabel>
                                     <FormControl>
                                         <Input
                                             {...field}
@@ -229,7 +237,7 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
                                             disabled={isPromoting}
                                             placeholder={
                                                 isMulti
-                                                    ? 'Leave empty to save into the library root'
+                                                    ? uiT('Leave empty to save into the library root')
                                                     : 'results/scan.txt'
                                             }
                                         />
@@ -259,7 +267,7 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
                                 type="button"
                                 variant="outline"
                             >
-                                Cancel
+                                {uiT('Cancel')}
                             </Button>
                             <OverwriteButtons
                                 isDisabled={isSubmitDisabled}
@@ -269,7 +277,7 @@ function FlowFilesPromoteDialogForm({ files, flowId, onClose }: FlowFilesPromote
                                 }}
                                 overwriteLabel={overwriteCtaLabel}
                                 primaryIcon={BookmarkPlus}
-                                primaryLabel="Save"
+                                primaryLabel={uiT('Save')}
                                 primaryType="submit"
                             />
                         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-pull-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-pull-dialog.tsx
index 1002c8ac..2389adac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-pull-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files-pull-dialog.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 import { Empty, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTitle } from '@/components/ui/empty';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { findPullConflicts } from './flow-files-conflicts';
 import { CONTAINER_DEFAULT_PATH, CONTAINER_PATH_PREFIX } from './flow-files-constants';
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
 
     const overwriteLabel = useMemo(() => {
         if (selectedPaths.size === 0) {
-            return 'Pull with overwrite';
+            return uiT('Pull with overwrite');
         }
 
         return `Pull ${selectedPaths.size} with overwrite`;
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <FolderOpen />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>Failed to list container</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('Failed to list container')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>{listingError.message}</EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
@@ -344,9 +345,9 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <FolderOpen />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>Directory is empty</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('Directory is empty')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>
-                    Nothing to pull from <code>{currentPath}</code>.
+                    {uiT('Nothing to pull from')} <code>{currentPath}</code>.
                 </EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
@@ -358,18 +359,20 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                 <DialogHeader>
                     <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                         <ArrowDownToLine className="size-4" />
-                        Pull from container
+                        {uiT('Pull from container')}
                     </DialogTitle>
                     <DialogDescription>
-                        Browse the running container and select files or directories to sync into the local cache under{' '}
-                        <code>container/</code>. Click the arrow on a folder row or double-click the row to drill in.
+                        {uiT(
+                            'Browse the running container and select files or directories to sync into the local cache under',
+                        )}{' '}
+                        <code>container/</code>. {uiT('Use the folder arrow or double-click a row to open it.')}
                     </DialogDescription>
                 </DialogHeader>
 
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
                     <div className="flex items-end gap-2">
                         <div className="flex-1">
-                            <Label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-normal">Container path</Label>
+                            <Label className="mb-1.5 block text-sm font-normal">{uiT('Container path')}</Label>
                             <Autocomplete
                                 onCommit={navigateTo}
                                 onValueChange={setPathInputValue}
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                                     placeholder="/work"
                                 />
                                 <AutocompleteContent>
-                                    <AutocompleteEmpty>No matching paths</AutocompleteEmpty>
+                                    <AutocompleteEmpty>{uiT('No matching paths')}</AutocompleteEmpty>
                                     <AutocompleteGroup>
                                         {pathSuggestions.map((suggestion) => (
                                             <AutocompleteItem
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                                     </Button>
                                 </span>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
-                            <TooltipContent>Parent directory</TooltipContent>
+                            <TooltipContent>{uiT('Parent directory')}</TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
 
                         <Tooltip>
@@ -427,7 +430,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                                     </Button>
                                 </span>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
-                            <TooltipContent>Refresh listing</TooltipContent>
+                            <TooltipContent>{uiT('Refresh listing')}</TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
                     </div>
 
@@ -450,7 +453,7 @@ function FlowFilesPullDialogForm({ cachedFiles, flowId, onClose, onSuccess }: Fl
                         type="button"
                         variant="outline"
                     >
-                        Cancel
+                        {uiT('Cancel')}
                     </Button>
                     <OverwriteButtons
                         isDisabled={isPullDisabled}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files.tsx
index 463f5afe..1df80d69 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/flow-files.tsx
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { StatusType } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useFilesDragAndDrop } from '@/hooks/use-files-drag-and-drop';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { copyToClipboard } from '@/lib/report';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
@@ -66,12 +67,12 @@ function FlowFiles() {
         const wasCopied = await copyToClipboard(file.path);
 
         if (wasCopied) {
-            toast.success('Path copied to clipboard');
+            toast.success(uiT('Path copied to clipboard'));
 
             return;
         }
 
-        toast.error('Failed to copy path');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy path'));
     }, []);
 
     /**
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
             return;
         }
 
-        toast.error('Failed to copy paths');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy paths'));
     }, []);
 
     // Single-file row download specialises the bulk URL builder via a 1-element
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
             appliesToDirs: true,
             icon: FolderOutput,
             id: 'flow-files-save-as-resource',
-            label: 'Save as resource',
+            label: uiT('Save as resource'),
             onSelect: handleRequestPromote,
         }),
         [handleRequestPromote],
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <FolderUp />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>No files in cache</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No files in cache')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>
                     Upload files to make them available at <code>/work/uploads</code>, or use Pull to sync files from
                     the running container. You can also drag &amp; drop files here.
@@ -184,9 +185,9 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <Search />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>No matches</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No matches')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>
-                    No files match <code>{search.debouncedQuery.trim()}</code>. Try a different query.
+                    {uiT('No files match')} <code>{search.debouncedQuery.trim()}</code>. Try a different query.
                 </EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                 <div className="bg-primary/10 border-primary pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 z-30 flex items-center justify-center rounded-lg border-2 border-dashed">
                     <div className="text-primary flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
                         <FolderUp className="size-8" />
-                        <span className="text-sm font-medium">Drop files to upload</span>
+                        <span className="text-sm font-medium">{uiT('Drop files to upload')}</span>
                     </div>
                 </div>
             )}
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                                             <InputGroupInput
                                                 {...field}
                                                 autoComplete="off"
-                                                placeholder="Search files..."
+                                                placeholder={uiT('Search files...')}
                                                 type="text"
                                             />
                                             {field.value && (
@@ -267,9 +268,10 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                                 </span>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
                             <TooltipContent className="max-w-64 text-center text-xs">
-                                <p className="font-medium">Upload files</p>
+                                <p className="font-medium">{uiT('Upload files')}</p>
                                 <p className="mt-1">
-                                    Pushed to <code>/work/uploads</code> — immediately accessible inside the container.
+                                    {uiT('Pushed to')} <code>/work/uploads</code> — immediately accessible inside the
+                                    container.
                                 </p>
                             </TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                                 </span>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
                             <TooltipContent className="max-w-64 text-center text-xs">
-                                <p className="font-medium">Attach resources</p>
+                                <p className="font-medium">{uiT('Attach resources')}</p>
                                 <p className="mt-1">
                                     Copied from the library to <code>/work/resources</code> — immediately accessible
                                     inside the container.
@@ -314,13 +316,14 @@ function FlowFiles() {
                             <TooltipContent className="max-w-64 text-center text-xs">
                                 {isContainerRunning ? (
                                     <>
-                                        <p className="font-medium">Pull file or directory from container</p>
+                                        <p className="font-medium">{uiT('Pull file or directory from container')}</p>
                                         <p className="mt-1">
-                                            Snapshots are stored separately under <strong>Container</strong>.
+                                            {uiT('Snapshots are stored separately under')}{' '}
+                                            <strong>{uiT('Container')}</strong>.
                                         </p>
                                     </>
                                 ) : (
-                                    <p className="font-medium">Container is not running</p>
+                                    <p className="font-medium">{uiT('Container is not running')}</p>
                                 )}
                             </TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
@@ -360,13 +363,13 @@ function FlowFiles() {
             />
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={deletion.confirmDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={handleDeleteDialogOpenChange}
                 isOpen={!!deletion.fileToDelete}
                 itemName={deletion.fileToDelete?.name}
                 itemType={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? 'directory' : 'file'}
-                title={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? 'Delete Directory' : 'Delete File'}
+                title={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? uiT('Delete Directory') : uiT('Delete File')}
             />
         </div>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-container-files.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-container-files.ts
index a38b3ace..4aaff5a3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-container-files.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-container-files.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { FileNode } from '@/components/shared/file-manager';
 
 import { buildPathsQuery } from '@/features/resources/resources-utils';
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, unwrapApiResponse } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { FLOW_FILES_CONTAINER_API_PATH } from './flow-files-constants';
 import { type ContainerFilesResponse, containerFileToFileNode } from './flow-files-utils';
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ export function useFlowContainerFiles({ flowId, paths }: UseFlowContainerFilesPa
                 return;
             }
 
-            setError(new Error(getApiErrorMessage(caught, 'Failed to load container files')));
+            setError(new Error(getApiErrorMessage(caught, uiT('Failed to load container files'))));
             setFiles([]);
         } finally {
             if (token === currentTokenRef.current) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-attach-resources.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-attach-resources.ts
index e9ebd446..f1050044 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-attach-resources.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-attach-resources.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type { OverwriteOutcome } from '@/components/shared/overwrite';
 
 import { resourceIdsToWire } from '@/features/resources/resources-rest';
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, getApiErrorStatusCode } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import type { FlowFilesResponse } from './flow-files-utils';
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesAttachResources({
                 // mistake. Surface a developer-friendly toast and bail out loudly.
                 const description = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Invalid resource IDs.';
 
-                toast.error('Attach failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Attach failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             }
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesAttachResources({
                     { timeout: 0 },
                 );
 
-                toast.success('Resources attached', {
+                toast.success(uiT('Resources attached'), {
                     description: `Copied ${numericIds.length} ${numericIds.length === 1 ? 'item' : 'items'} to ${RESOURCES_TARGET_DIRECTORY}`,
                 });
                 onSuccess?.();
@@ -81,9 +82,9 @@ export function useFlowFilesAttachResources({
                     return { kind: 'conflict' };
                 }
 
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to attach resources');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to attach resources'));
 
-                toast.error('Attach failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Attach failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-data.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-data.ts
index 72b37c3d..fec8b1a6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-data.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-data.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import type { FileNode } from '@/components/shared/file-manager';
 
 import { useFlowFilesQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { toFileNode } from './flow-files-utils';
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesData({ flowId }: UseFlowFilesDataParams): UseFlowFil
 
     useEffect(() => {
         if (flowFilesError) {
-            toast.error('Failed to load files', {
+            toast.error(uiT('Failed to load files'), {
                 description: flowFilesError.message,
                 id: FLOW_FILES_ERROR_TOAST_ID,
             });
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-delete.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-delete.ts
index d482ab1d..c9359687 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-delete.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-delete.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type { FileNode } from '@/components/shared/file-manager';
 
 import { buildPathsQuery } from '@/features/resources/resources-utils';
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { FLOW_FILES_API_PATH } from './flow-files-constants';
 import { type FlowFilesResponse, pluralizeItems } from './flow-files-utils';
@@ -79,16 +80,16 @@ export function useFlowFilesDelete({ flowId, onAfterDelete }: UseFlowFilesDelete
 
                 if (filesToDelete.length === 1) {
                     const single = filesToDelete[0];
-                    toast.success(single.isDir ? 'Directory deleted' : 'File deleted');
+                    toast.success(single.isDir ? uiT('Directory deleted') : uiT('File deleted'));
                 } else {
                     toast.success(`${filesToDelete.length} ${pluralizeItems(filesToDelete.length)} deleted`);
                 }
 
                 onAfterDelete?.();
             } catch (error) {
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to delete file');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to delete file'));
 
-                toast.error('Delete failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Delete failed'), { description });
             }
         },
         [flowId, onAfterDelete],
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-promote.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-promote.ts
index 8940468a..ccd8f14b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-promote.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-promote.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type { RestResourceList } from '@/features/resources/resources-rest';
 
 import { pluralizeItems } from '@/features/resources/resources-utils';
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, getApiErrorStatusCode } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { FLOW_FILES_PROMOTE_API_PATH } from './flow-files-constants';
 
@@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ export const flowFilesPromoteFormSchema = z.object({
     destination: z
         .string()
         .trim()
-        .min(1, { message: 'Destination cannot be empty' })
-        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: 'Destination must be a relative path' })
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Destination cannot be empty') })
+        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: uiT('Destination must be a relative path') })
         .refine((value) => !value.split('/').includes('..'), { message: 'Destination must not contain ".."' }),
 });
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesPromote({ flowId }: UseFlowFilesPromoteParams): UseF
                         ? `Stored at ${destination.trim()} in your resource library`
                         : `Stored ${sources.length} ${pluralizeItems(sources.length)} under ${destination.trim()} in your resource library`;
 
-                toast.success('Saved to resources', { description });
+                toast.success(uiT('Saved to resources'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'ok' };
             } catch (error) {
@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@ export function useFlowFilesPromote({ flowId }: UseFlowFilesPromoteParams): UseF
                     return { kind: 'conflict' };
                 }
 
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to save resource');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to save resource'));
 
-                toast.error('Save as resource failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Save as resource failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-pull.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-pull.ts
index e8dfd331..39308e2b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-pull.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-pull.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import type { OverwriteOutcome } from '@/components/shared/overwrite';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, getApiErrorStatusCode } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { CONTAINER_TARGET_DIRECTORY, FLOW_FILES_PULL_API_PATH } from './flow-files-constants';
 import { type FlowFilesResponse, pluralizeItems } from './flow-files-utils';
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesPull({ flowId, onSuccess }: UseFlowFilesPullParams):
                         ? `Saved to local cache under ${CONTAINER_TARGET_DIRECTORY}`
                         : `Saved ${paths.length} ${pluralizeItems(paths.length)} to local cache under ${CONTAINER_TARGET_DIRECTORY}`;
 
-                toast.success('Pulled from container', { description });
+                toast.success(uiT('Pulled from container'), { description });
                 onSuccess();
 
                 return { kind: 'ok' };
@@ -69,9 +70,9 @@ export function useFlowFilesPull({ flowId, onSuccess }: UseFlowFilesPullParams):
                     return { kind: 'conflict' };
                 }
 
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to pull from container');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to pull from container'));
 
-                toast.error('Pull failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Pull failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-upload.ts b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-upload.ts
index 334f1be9..b1ce7e87 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-upload.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/files/use-flow-files-upload.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, unwrapApiResponse } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { validateUploadBatch } from '@/lib/upload-validation';
 
 import {
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ const buildUploadSuccessMessage = (uploadedCount: number, firstFileName?: string
     if (uploadedCount === 1) {
         return {
             description: `Available at ${UPLOADS_TARGET_DIRECTORY}/${firstFileName ?? ''}`,
-            title: 'File uploaded',
+            title: uiT('File uploaded'),
         };
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ export function useFlowFilesUpload({ flowId }: UseFlowFilesUploadParams): UseFlo
             });
 
             if (validationError) {
-                toast.error('Upload failed', { description: validationError });
+                toast.error(uiT('Upload failed'), { description: validationError });
 
                 return;
             }
@@ -101,9 +102,9 @@ export function useFlowFilesUpload({ flowId }: UseFlowFilesUploadParams): UseFlo
 
                 toast.success(successMessage.title, { description: successMessage.description });
             } catch (error) {
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to upload files');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to upload files'));
 
-                toast.error('Upload failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Upload failed'), { description });
             } finally {
                 setIsUploading(false);
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-central-tabs.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-central-tabs.tsx
index f32a350d..4ada4315 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-central-tabs.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-central-tabs.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import FlowDashboard from '@/features/flows/dashboard/flow-dashboard';
 import FlowAssistantMessages from '@/features/flows/messages/flow-assistant-messages';
 import FlowAutomationMessages from '@/features/flows/messages/flow-automation-messages';
 import { useFlowTabDetection } from '@/hooks/use-flow-tab-detection';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 function FlowCentralTabs() {
     const { handleTabChange, resolvedTab } = useFlowTabDetection();
@@ -17,9 +18,9 @@ function FlowCentralTabs() {
             <div className="max-w-full">
                 <ScrollArea className="w-full pb-3">
                     <TabsList className="flex w-fit">
-                        <TabsTrigger value="automation">Automation</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="assistant">Assistant</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="dashboard">Dashboard</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="automation">{uiT('Automation')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="assistant">{uiT('Assistant')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="dashboard">{uiT('Dashboard')}</TabsTrigger>
                     </TabsList>
                     <ScrollBar orientation="horizontal" />
                 </ScrollArea>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-form.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-form.tsx
index 8568b340..cbe97178 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-form.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-form.tsx
@@ -43,14 +43,21 @@ import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch';
 import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipProvider, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { useResourcesUpload } from '@/features/resources/use-resources-upload';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { getProviderDisplayName } from '@/models/provider';
 import { useProviders } from '@/providers/providers-provider';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
 import { type Template, useTemplates } from '@/providers/templates-provider';
 
 const formSchema = z.object({
-    message: z.string().trim().min(1, { message: 'Message cannot be empty' }),
-    providerName: z.string().trim().min(1, { message: 'Provider must be selected' }),
+    message: z
+        .string()
+        .trim()
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Message cannot be empty') }),
+    providerName: z
+        .string()
+        .trim()
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Provider must be selected') }),
     resourceIds: z.array(z.string()),
     useAgents: z.boolean(),
 });
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
     isSubmitting,
     onCancel,
     onSubmit,
-    placeholder = 'Describe what you would like PentAGI to test...',
+    placeholder = uiT('Describe what you would like PentAGI to test...'),
     type,
 }: FlowFormProps) {
     const { providers, setSelectedProvider } = useProviders();
@@ -341,7 +348,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                         onChange={(event) => setTemplateSearch(event.target.value)}
                         onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
                         onKeyDown={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
-                        placeholder="Search..."
+                        placeholder={uiT('Search...')}
                         value={templateSearch}
                     />
                     {templateSearch && (
@@ -365,7 +372,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                         className="min-h-16 justify-center"
                         disabled
                     >
-                        {templateSearch ? 'No results found' : 'No available templates'}
+                        {templateSearch ? uiT('No results found') : uiT('No available templates')}
                     </DropdownMenuItem>
                 ) : (
                     filteredTemplates.map((template) => (
@@ -395,7 +402,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                         onChange={(event) => setResourceSearch(event.target.value)}
                         onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
                         onKeyDown={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
-                        placeholder="Search..."
+                        placeholder={uiT('Search...')}
                         value={resourceSearch}
                     />
                     {resourceSearch && (
@@ -419,7 +426,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                         className="min-h-16 justify-center"
                         disabled
                     >
-                        {resourceSearch ? 'No results found' : 'No available resources'}
+                        {resourceSearch ? uiT('No results found') : uiT('No available resources')}
                     </DropdownMenuItem>
                 ) : (
                     filteredResources.map((resource) => {
@@ -476,7 +483,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                 }}
             >
                 {upload.isUploading ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : <Plus />}
-                {upload.isUploading ? 'Uploading…' : 'Upload files'}
+                {upload.isUploading ? uiT('Uploading…') : uiT('Upload files')}
             </DropdownMenuItem>
         </>
     );
@@ -559,7 +566,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                                             <span className="max-w-40 truncate">
                                                                 {currentProvider
                                                                     ? getProviderDisplayName(currentProvider)
-                                                                    : 'Select Provider'}
+                                                                    : uiT('Select Provider')}
                                                             </span>
                                                             <ChevronDown />
                                                         </InputGroupButton>
@@ -576,7 +583,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                                                     }
                                                                     onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
                                                                     onKeyDown={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
-                                                                    placeholder="Search..."
+                                                                    placeholder={uiT('Search...')}
                                                                     value={providerSearch}
                                                                 />
                                                                 {providerSearch && (
@@ -601,8 +608,8 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                                                     disabled
                                                                 >
                                                                     {providerSearch
-                                                                        ? 'No results found'
-                                                                        : 'No available providers'}
+                                                                        ? uiT('No results found')
+                                                                        : uiT('No available providers')}
                                                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                                             ) : (
                                                                 filteredProviders.map((provider) => (
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                                                         useAgentsField.onChange(!useAgentsField.value)
                                                                     }
                                                                 >
-                                                                    Use Agents
+                                                                    {uiT('Use Agents')}
                                                                 </FormLabel>
                                                             </FormItem>
                                                         </TooltipTrigger>
@@ -688,7 +695,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                     >
                                         <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                             <InputGroupButton
-                                                aria-label="Templates and resources"
+                                                aria-label={uiT('Templates and resources')}
                                                 className="ml-auto shrink-0"
                                                 disabled={isFormDisabled}
                                                 size="icon-xs"
@@ -740,7 +747,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                                                         value="templates"
                                                     >
                                                         <FileText className="size-3.5" />
-                                                        Templates
+                                                        {uiT('Templates')}
                                                     </TabsTrigger>
                                                     <TabsTrigger
                                                         className="gap-1.5"
@@ -801,9 +808,9 @@ export function FlowForm({
             />
             <ConfirmationDialog
                 confirmIcon={<FileSymlink />}
-                confirmText="Replace"
+                confirmText={uiT('Replace')}
                 confirmVariant="default"
-                description="Current message has content. Replace with the selected template?"
+                description={uiT('Current message has content. Replace with the selected template?')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmReplaceTemplate}
                 handleOpenChange={(open) => {
                     if (!open) {
@@ -813,7 +820,7 @@ export function FlowForm({
                     setIsReplaceConfirmOpen(open);
                 }}
                 isOpen={isReplaceConfirmOpen}
-                title="Replace content?"
+                title={uiT('Replace content?')}
             />
         </Form>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tabs.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tabs.tsx
index e2ea4c03..57fd3298 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tabs.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tabs.tsx
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import FlowTerminal from '@/features/flows/terminal/flow-terminal';
 import FlowTools from '@/features/flows/tools/flow-tools';
 import FlowVectorStores from '@/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-stores';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 interface FlowTabsProps {
     activeTab: string;
@@ -41,16 +42,16 @@ function FlowTabs({ activeTab, onTabChange }: FlowTabsProps) {
             <div className="max-w-full pr-4">
                 <ScrollArea className="w-full pb-3">
                     <TabsList className="flex w-fit">
-                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="automation">Automation</TabsTrigger>}
-                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="assistant">Assistant</TabsTrigger>}
-                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="dashboard">Dashboard</TabsTrigger>}
-                        <TabsTrigger value="terminal">Terminal</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="tasks">Tasks</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="agents">Agents</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="tools">Searches</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="vectorStores">Vector Store</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="files">Files</TabsTrigger>
-                        <TabsTrigger value="screenshots">Screenshots</TabsTrigger>
+                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="automation">{uiT('Automation')}</TabsTrigger>}
+                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="assistant">{uiT('Assistant')}</TabsTrigger>}
+                        {!isDesktop && <TabsTrigger value="dashboard">{uiT('Dashboard')}</TabsTrigger>}
+                        <TabsTrigger value="terminal">{uiT('Terminal')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="tasks">{uiT('Tasks')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="agents">{uiT('Agents')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="tools">{uiT('Searches')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="vectorStores">{uiT('Vector Store')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="files">{uiT('Files')}</TabsTrigger>
+                        <TabsTrigger value="screenshots">{uiT('Screenshots')}</TabsTrigger>
                     </TabsList>
                     <ScrollBar orientation="horizontal" />
                 </ScrollArea>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tasks-dropdown.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tasks-dropdown.tsx
index 202461d7..b47980c6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tasks-dropdown.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/flow-tasks-dropdown.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
     CommandSeparator,
 } from '@/components/ui/command';
 import { Popover, PopoverContent, PopoverTrigger } from '@/components/ui/popover';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ function FlowTasksDropdown({ disabled, onChange, value }: FlowTasksDropdownProps
         >
             <PopoverTrigger asChild>
                 <Button
-                    aria-label="Filter tasks"
+                    aria-label={uiT('Filter tasks')}
                     aria-pressed={hasActiveFilters}
                     disabled={disabled}
                     size="icon"
@@ -128,9 +129,9 @@ function FlowTasksDropdown({ disabled, onChange, value }: FlowTasksDropdownProps
                 className="w-[360px] p-0"
             >
                 <Command>
-                    <CommandInput placeholder="Search tasks..." />
+                    <CommandInput placeholder={uiT('Search tasks...')} />
                     <CommandList>
-                        <CommandEmpty>Tasks not found</CommandEmpty>
+                        <CommandEmpty>{uiT('Tasks not found')}</CommandEmpty>
                         {tasks?.length ? (
                             tasks.map((task) => (
                                 <CommandGroup key={task.id}>
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ function FlowTasksDropdown({ disabled, onChange, value }: FlowTasksDropdownProps
                                 className="text-muted-foreground justify-center py-6 text-center"
                                 disabled
                             >
-                                No available tasks
+                                {uiT('No available tasks')}
                             </CommandItem>
                         )}
                     </CommandList>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-assistant-messages.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-assistant-messages.tsx
index b7fa7c71..caf1d590 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-assistant-messages.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-assistant-messages.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '
 import { Popover, PopoverContent, PopoverTrigger } from '@/components/ui/popover';
 import { StatusType } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { formatName } from '@/lib/utils/format';
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ function AssistantsDropdown({
                             </>
                         ) : (
                             <span className="bg-muted text-muted-foreground flex h-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded px-1 text-xs font-medium">
-                                New
+                                {uiT('New')}
                             </span>
                         )}
                         <ChevronDown className="opacity-50" />
@@ -209,9 +210,9 @@ function AssistantsDropdown({
                     className="w-[400px] p-0"
                 >
                     <Command>
-                        <CommandInput placeholder="Search assistants..." />
+                        <CommandInput placeholder={uiT('Search assistants...')} />
                         <CommandList>
-                            <CommandEmpty>No assistants found.</CommandEmpty>
+                            <CommandEmpty>{uiT('No assistants found.')}</CommandEmpty>
 
                             {!isDisabled && (
                                 <CommandGroup>
@@ -258,14 +259,14 @@ function AssistantsDropdown({
             </Popover>
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={setDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={deleteDialogOpen}
                 itemName={currentAssistant?.title}
                 itemType="assistant"
-                title="Delete Assistant"
+                title={uiT('Delete Assistant')}
             />
         </>
     );
@@ -448,37 +449,37 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
 
     const placeholder = useMemo(() => {
         if (!flowId) {
-            return 'Select a flow...';
+            return uiT('Select a flow...');
         }
 
         if (isAssistantCreating) {
-            return 'Creating assistant...';
+            return uiT('Creating assistant...');
         }
 
         if (!selectedAssistant?.status) {
-            return 'Type a message to create a new assistant...';
+            return uiT('Type a message to create a new assistant...');
         }
 
         switch (selectedAssistant.status) {
             case StatusType.Created: {
-                return 'Assistant is starting...';
+                return uiT('Assistant is starting...');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Failed:
             case StatusType.Finished: {
-                return 'This assistant session has ended. Create a new one to continue.';
+                return uiT('This assistant session has ended. Create a new one to continue.');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Running: {
-                return 'Assistant is running... Click Stop to interrupt';
+                return uiT('Assistant is running... Click Stop to interrupt');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Waiting: {
-                return 'Continue the conversation...';
+                return uiT('Continue the conversation...');
             }
 
             default: {
-                return 'Type your message...';
+                return uiT('Type your message...');
             }
         }
     }, [flowId, isAssistantCreating, selectedAssistant?.status]);
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                                                 {...field}
                                                 autoComplete="off"
                                                 disabled={isAssistantCreating}
-                                                placeholder="Search messages..."
+                                                placeholder={uiT('Search messages...')}
                                                 type="text"
                                             />
                                             {field.value && (
@@ -557,8 +558,8 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Loader2 className="animate-spin" />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>Creating assistant...</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Please wait while we set up your new assistant</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('Creating assistant...')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Please wait while we set up your new assistant')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
             ) : selectedAssistantId ? (
@@ -599,8 +600,8 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                             <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                                 <ListFilter />
                             </EmptyMedia>
-                            <EmptyTitle>No messages found</EmptyTitle>
-                            <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                            <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No messages found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                            <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                         </EmptyHeader>
                         <EmptyContent>
                             <Button
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                                 variant="outline"
                             >
                                 <X />
-                                Reset filters
+                                {uiT('Reset filters')}
                             </Button>
                         </EmptyContent>
                     </Empty>
@@ -618,8 +619,8 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                             <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                                 <Plus />
                             </EmptyMedia>
-                            <EmptyTitle>No messages</EmptyTitle>
-                            <EmptyDescription>No messages found for this assistant</EmptyDescription>
+                            <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No messages')}</EmptyTitle>
+                            <EmptyDescription>{uiT('No messages found for this assistant')}</EmptyDescription>
                         </EmptyHeader>
                     </Empty>
                 )
@@ -629,8 +630,8 @@ function FlowAssistantMessages({ className }: FlowAssistantMessagesProps) {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Plus />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>New assistant</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Type a message below to create a new assistant...</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('New assistant')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Type a message below to create a new assistant...')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
             )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-automation-messages.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-automation-messages.tsx
index 2b4fccbb..d779182a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-automation-messages.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-automation-messages.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { StatusType } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
@@ -134,29 +135,29 @@ function FlowAutomationMessages({ className }: FlowAutomationMessagesProps) {
 
     const placeholder = useMemo(() => {
         if (!flowId) {
-            return 'Select a flow...';
+            return uiT('Select a flow...');
         }
 
         switch (flowStatus) {
             case StatusType.Created: {
-                return 'The flow is starting...';
+                return uiT('The flow is starting...');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Failed:
             case StatusType.Finished: {
-                return 'This flow has ended. Create a new one to continue.';
+                return uiT('This flow has ended. Create a new one to continue.');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Running: {
-                return 'PentAGI is working... Click Stop to interrupt';
+                return uiT('PentAGI is working... Click Stop to interrupt');
             }
 
             case StatusType.Waiting: {
-                return 'Provide additional context or instructions...';
+                return uiT('Provide additional context or instructions...');
             }
 
             default: {
-                return 'Type your message...';
+                return uiT('Type your message...');
             }
         }
     }, [flowId, flowStatus]);
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ function FlowAutomationMessages({ className }: FlowAutomationMessagesProps) {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search messages..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search messages...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -288,8 +289,8 @@ function FlowAutomationMessages({ className }: FlowAutomationMessagesProps) {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListFilter />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No messages found</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No messages found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                     <EmptyContent>
                         <Button
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ function FlowAutomationMessages({ className }: FlowAutomationMessagesProps) {
                             variant="outline"
                         >
                             <X />
-                            Reset filters
+                            {uiT('Reset filters')}
                         </Button>
                     </EmptyContent>
                 </Empty>
@@ -307,10 +308,11 @@ function FlowAutomationMessages({ className }: FlowAutomationMessagesProps) {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Inbox />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No active tasks</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No active tasks')}</EmptyTitle>
                         <EmptyDescription>
-                            Starting a new task may take some time as the PentAGI agent downloads the required Docker
-                            image
+                            {uiT(
+                                'Starting a new task may take some time as the PentAGI agent downloads the required Docker image',
+                            )}
                         </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-message.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-message.tsx
index c6bf100a..741aa79a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-message.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/messages/flow-message.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import Terminal from '@/components/shared/terminal';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { MessageLogType, ResultFormat } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { copyMessageToClipboard } from '@/lib/clipboard';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ function FlowMessage({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowMessageProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer"
                             onClick={toggleThinking}
                         >
-                            {isThinkingVisible ? 'Hide thinking' : 'Show thinking'}
+                            {isThinkingVisible ? uiT('Hide thinking') : uiT('Show thinking')}
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 )}
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ function FlowMessage({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowMessageProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer"
                             onClick={toggleDetails}
                         >
-                            {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                            {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                         </div>
                         {renderDetailsContent()}
                     </div>
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ function FlowMessage({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowMessageProps) {
                             onClick={handleCopy}
                         />
                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                    <TooltipContent>Copy</TooltipContent>
+                    <TooltipContent>{uiT('Copy')}</TooltipContent>
                 </Tooltip>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground/50">{formatDate(new Date(createdAt))}</span>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground/50">{log.id}</span>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshot.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshot.tsx
index 30949c84..f01e55c1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshot.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshot.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { ScreenshotFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 
 import { buttonVariants } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 import { baseUrl } from '@/models/api';
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ function FlowScreenshot({ screenshot }: FlowScreenshotProps) {
                                     <span className="truncate font-semibold">{screenshot.url}</span>
                                 </Link>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
-                            <TooltipContent>Source URL</TooltipContent>
+                            <TooltipContent>{uiT('Source URL')}</TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
                     </div>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshots.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshots.tsx
index c8fdf86a..fff8cdeb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshots.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/screenshots/flow-screenshots.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Empty, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTitle } from '@/
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 import FlowScreenshot from './flow-screenshot';
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ function FlowScreenshots() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search screenshots..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search screenshots...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -158,8 +159,10 @@ function FlowScreenshots() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Camera />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No screenshots available</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Screenshots will appear here once the agent captures them</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No screenshots available')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>
+                            {uiT('Screenshots will appear here once the agent captures them')}
+                        </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
             )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-subtask.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-subtask.tsx
index c2bc7152..5387faab 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-subtask.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-subtask.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type { SubtaskFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 
 import Markdown from '@/components/shared/markdown';
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import FlowTaskStatusIcon from './flow-task-status-icon';
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ function FlowSubtask({ searchValue = '', subtask }: FlowSubtaskProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer hover:underline"
                             onClick={() => setIsDetailsVisible(!isDetailsVisible)}
                         >
-                            {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                            {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                         </div>
                         {isDetailsVisible && (
                             <div className="mt-4 flex flex-col gap-4">
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ function FlowSubtask({ searchValue = '', subtask }: FlowSubtaskProps) {
                                     <Card>
                                         <CardHeader className="p-3">
                                             <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                                                <ListCheck className="size-4 shrink-0" /> Result
+                                                <ListCheck className="size-4 shrink-0" /> {uiT('Result')}
                                             </CardTitle>
                                         </CardHeader>
                                         <CardContent className="p-3 pt-0">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-task.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-task.tsx
index 9deda252..0c99e60a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-task.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-task.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import Markdown from '@/components/shared/markdown';
 import { Card, CardContent } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import { Progress } from '@/components/ui/progress';
 import { StatusType } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import FlowSubtask from './flow-subtask';
 import FlowTaskStatusIcon from './flow-task-status-icon';
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ function FlowTask({ searchValue = '', task }: FlowTaskProps) {
                                 className="cursor-pointer"
                                 onClick={() => setIsDetailsVisible(!isDetailsVisible)}
                             >
-                                {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                                {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                             </div>
                             {isDetailsVisible && (
                                 <Card className="mt-4">
@@ -143,7 +144,9 @@ function FlowTask({ searchValue = '', task }: FlowTaskProps) {
                     ))}
                 </div>
             ) : (
-                <div className="text-muted-foreground mt-2 ml-6 text-xs">Waiting for subtasks to be created...</div>
+                <div className="text-muted-foreground mt-2 ml-6 text-xs">
+                    {uiT('Waiting for subtasks to be created...')}
+                </div>
             )}
         </div>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-tasks.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-tasks.tsx
index 5c4f9ced..ef26eb25 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-tasks.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/tasks/flow-tasks.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Empty, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTitle } from '@/
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 import FlowTask from './flow-task';
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ function FlowTasks() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search tasks and subtasks..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search tasks and subtasks...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -175,8 +176,10 @@ function FlowTasks() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListTodo />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No tasks found for this flow</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Tasks will appear here once the agent starts working</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No tasks found for this flow')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>
+                            {uiT('Tasks will appear here once the agent starts working')}
+                        </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
             )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/terminal/flow-terminal.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/terminal/flow-terminal.tsx
index 8e687331..fb6ebd55 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/terminal/flow-terminal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/terminal/flow-terminal.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Empty, EmptyContent, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTitle } from '@/components/ui/empty';
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search terminal logs..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search terminal logs...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         <InputGroupAddon align="inline-end">
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                                                     <InputGroupButton
                                                         onClick={handleFindPrevious}
                                                         size="icon-xs"
-                                                        title="Previous match"
+                                                        title={uiT('Previous match')}
                                                         type="button"
                                                     >
                                                         <ChevronUp className="size-4" />
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                                                     <InputGroupButton
                                                         onClick={handleFindNext}
                                                         size="icon-xs"
-                                                        title="Next match"
+                                                        title={uiT('Next match')}
                                                         type="button"
                                                     >
                                                         <ChevronDown className="size-4" />
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                                                 <InputGroupButton
                                                     onClick={handleClearSearch}
                                                     size="icon-xs"
-                                                    title="Clear search"
+                                                    title={uiT('Clear search')}
                                                     type="button"
                                                 >
                                                     <X className="size-4" />
@@ -235,8 +236,8 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListFilter />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No terminal logs found</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No terminal logs found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                     <EmptyContent>
                         <Button
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ function FlowTerminal() {
                             variant="outline"
                         >
                             <X />
-                            Reset filters
+                            {uiT('Reset filters')}
                         </Button>
                     </EmptyContent>
                 </Empty>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tool.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tool.tsx
index d5650bf2..73742e96 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tool.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tool.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import Markdown from '@/components/shared/markdown';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import FlowAgentIcon from '@/features/flows/agents/flow-agent-icon';
 import { copyMessageToClipboard } from '@/lib/clipboard';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatDate, formatName } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
 interface FlowToolProps {
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ function FlowTool({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowToolProps) {
                                     <span>{formatName(engine)}</span>
                                 </span>
                             </TooltipTrigger>
-                            <TooltipContent>Tool name</TooltipContent>
+                            <TooltipContent>{uiT('Tool name')}</TooltipContent>
                         </Tooltip>
                     </div>
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ function FlowTool({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowToolProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer"
                             onClick={() => setIsDetailsVisible(!isDetailsVisible)}
                         >
-                            {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                            {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                         </div>
                         {isDetailsVisible && (
                             <>
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ function FlowTool({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowToolProps) {
                             onClick={handleCopy}
                         />
                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                    <TooltipContent>Copy</TooltipContent>
+                    <TooltipContent>{uiT('Copy')}</TooltipContent>
                 </Tooltip>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground/50">{formatDate(new Date(createdAt))}</span>
                 {taskId && (
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tools.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tools.tsx
index bf6b7abe..44018814 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tools.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/tools/flow-tools.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Empty, EmptyContent, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTi
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 import FlowTasksDropdown from '../flow-tasks-dropdown';
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ function FlowTools() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search tool logs..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search tool logs...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -230,8 +231,8 @@ function FlowTools() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListFilter />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No search logs found</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No search logs found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                     <EmptyContent>
                         <Button
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ function FlowTools() {
                             variant="outline"
                         >
                             <X />
-                            Reset filters
+                            {uiT('Reset filters')}
                         </Button>
                     </EmptyContent>
                 </Empty>
@@ -249,9 +250,9 @@ function FlowTools() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Wrench />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No search logs available</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No search logs available')}</EmptyTitle>
                         <EmptyDescription>
-                            Search logs will appear here when the agent performs searches
+                            {uiT('Search logs will appear here when the agent performs searches')}
                         </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-store.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-store.tsx
index f84cd79f..03b05155 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-store.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-store.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip
 import FlowAgentIcon from '@/features/flows/agents/flow-agent-icon';
 import { VectorStoreAction } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { copyMessageToClipboard } from '@/lib/clipboard';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
 import FlowVectorStoreActionIcon from './flow-vector-store-action-icon';
@@ -21,36 +22,25 @@ const getDescription = (log: VectorStoreLogFragmentFragment) => {
         guide_type: guideType,
         tool_name: toolName,
     } = JSON.parse(filter) || {};
-
-    let description = '';
-    const prefix = action === VectorStoreAction.Store ? 'Stored' : 'Retrieved';
-    const preposition = action === VectorStoreAction.Store ? 'in' : 'from';
-
-    if (docType) {
-        if (docType === 'memory') {
-            description += `${prefix} ${preposition} memory`;
-        } else {
-            description += `${prefix} ${docType}`;
-        }
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+
+    if (docType === 'memory') {
+        parts.push(uiT(action === VectorStoreAction.Store ? 'Stored in memory' : 'Retrieved from memory'));
+    } else if (docType) {
+        parts.push(
+            uiT(action === VectorStoreAction.Store ? 'Stored {{docType}}' : 'Retrieved {{docType}}', { docType }),
+        );
     }
 
-    if (codeLang) {
-        description += `${description ? ' on' : 'On'} ${codeLang} language`;
-    }
+    if (codeLang) {parts.push(uiT('on {{language}} language', { language: codeLang }));}
 
-    if (toolName) {
-        description += `${description ? ' by' : 'By'} ${toolName} tool`;
-    }
+    if (toolName) {parts.push(uiT('by {{tool}} tool', { tool: toolName }));}
 
-    if (guideType) {
-        description += `${description ? ' about' : 'About'} ${guideType}`;
-    }
+    if (guideType) {parts.push(uiT('about {{guideType}}', { guideType }));}
 
-    if (answerType) {
-        description += `${description ? ' as' : 'As'} a ${answerType}`;
-    }
+    if (answerType) {parts.push(uiT('as a {{answerType}}', { answerType }));}
 
-    return description;
+    return parts.join(' ');
 };
 
 interface FlowVectorStoreProps {
@@ -134,7 +124,7 @@ function FlowVectorStore({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowVectorStoreProps) {
                             className="cursor-pointer"
                             onClick={() => setIsDetailsVisible(!isDetailsVisible)}
                         >
-                            {isDetailsVisible ? 'Hide details' : 'Show details'}
+                            {isDetailsVisible ? uiT('Hide details') : uiT('Show details')}
                         </div>
                         {isDetailsVisible && (
                             <>
@@ -169,7 +159,7 @@ function FlowVectorStore({ log, searchValue = '' }: FlowVectorStoreProps) {
                             onClick={handleCopy}
                         />
                     </TooltipTrigger>
-                    <TooltipContent>Copy</TooltipContent>
+                    <TooltipContent>{uiT('Copy')}</TooltipContent>
                 </Tooltip>
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground/50">{formatDate(new Date(createdAt))}</span>
                 {taskId && (
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-stores.tsx b/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-stores.tsx
index 349be872..183c75ae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-stores.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/flows/vector-stores/flow-vector-stores.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Empty, EmptyContent, EmptyDescription, EmptyHeader, EmptyMedia, EmptyTi
 import { Form, FormControl, FormField } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupAddon, InputGroupButton, InputGroupInput } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { useAutoScroll } from '@/hooks/use-auto-scroll';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlow } from '@/providers/flow-provider';
 
 import FlowTasksDropdown from '../flow-tasks-dropdown';
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ function FlowVectorStores() {
                                         <InputGroupInput
                                             {...field}
                                             autoComplete="off"
-                                            placeholder="Search vector store logs..."
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Search vector store logs...')}
                                             type="text"
                                         />
                                         {field.value && (
@@ -230,8 +231,8 @@ function FlowVectorStores() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <ListFilter />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No vector store logs found</EmptyTitle>
-                        <EmptyDescription>Try adjusting your search or filter parameters</EmptyDescription>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No vector store logs found')}</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyDescription>{uiT('Try adjusting your search or filter parameters')}</EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                     <EmptyContent>
                         <Button
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ function FlowVectorStores() {
                             variant="outline"
                         >
                             <X />
-                            Reset filters
+                            {uiT('Reset filters')}
                         </Button>
                     </EmptyContent>
                 </Empty>
@@ -249,9 +250,9 @@ function FlowVectorStores() {
                         <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                             <Database />
                         </EmptyMedia>
-                        <EmptyTitle>No vector store logs available</EmptyTitle>
+                        <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No vector store logs available')}</EmptyTitle>
                         <EmptyDescription>
-                            Vector store logs will appear here when the agent uses knowledge database
+                            {uiT('Vector store logs will appear here when the agent uses knowledge database')}
                         </EmptyDescription>
                     </EmptyHeader>
                 </Empty>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-controls.tsx b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-controls.tsx
index 9e52a31a..12245e4e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-controls.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-controls.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { FormControl, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from '@/comp
 import { InputGroup, InputGroupTextareaAutosize } from '@/components/ui/input-group';
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@/components/ui/select';
 import { KnowledgeAnswerType, KnowledgeDocType, KnowledgeGuideType } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import type { FormValues } from './knowledge-form';
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ export function KnowledgeContentField({
             name="content"
             render={({ field }) => (
                 <FormItem className={fillParent ? 'flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col' : undefined}>
-                    {showLabel ? <FormLabel>Content</FormLabel> : null}
+                    {showLabel ? <FormLabel>{uiT('Content')}</FormLabel> : null}
                     <FormControl>
                         <MarkdownEditor
                             className={fillParent ? 'min-h-0 flex-1' : 'min-h-[280px]'}
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ export function KnowledgeContentField({
                             disabled={isSaving}
                             onBlur={field.onBlur}
                             onChange={field.onChange}
-                            placeholder="Knowledge content (will be embedded into the vector store)"
+                            placeholder={uiT('Knowledge content (will be embedded into the vector store)')}
                             value={field.value}
                         />
                     </FormControl>
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                     name="docType"
                     render={({ field }) => (
                         <FormItem>
-                            <FormLabel>Document type</FormLabel>
+                            <FormLabel>{uiT('Document type')}</FormLabel>
                             <Select
                                 disabled={isSaving}
                                 onValueChange={(value) =>
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                             >
                                 <FormControl>
                                     <SelectTrigger>
-                                        <SelectValue placeholder="Select type" />
+                                        <SelectValue placeholder={uiT('Select type')} />
                                     </SelectTrigger>
                                 </FormControl>
                                 <SelectContent>
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                         name="guideType"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Guide type</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{uiT('Guide type')}</FormLabel>
                                 <Select
                                     disabled={isSaving}
                                     onValueChange={field.onChange}
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                                 >
                                     <FormControl>
                                         <SelectTrigger>
-                                            <SelectValue placeholder="Select guide type" />
+                                            <SelectValue placeholder={uiT('Select guide type')} />
                                         </SelectTrigger>
                                     </FormControl>
                                     <SelectContent>
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                         name="answerType"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Answer type</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{uiT('Answer type')}</FormLabel>
                                 <Select
                                     disabled={isSaving}
                                     onValueChange={field.onChange}
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                                 >
                                     <FormControl>
                                         <SelectTrigger>
-                                            <SelectValue placeholder="Select answer type" />
+                                            <SelectValue placeholder={uiT('Select answer type')} />
                                         </SelectTrigger>
                                     </FormControl>
                                     <SelectContent>
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                         name="codeLang"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Code language</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{uiT('Code language')}</FormLabel>
                                 {/*
                                  * `Autocomplete` is a free-text input with a
                                  * suggestion popover — the backend accepts any
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                                         />
                                     </FormControl>
                                     <AutocompleteContent>
-                                        <AutocompleteEmpty>No matching language</AutocompleteEmpty>
+                                        <AutocompleteEmpty>{uiT('No matching language')}</AutocompleteEmpty>
                                         <AutocompleteGroup>
                                             {LANGUAGES.map((lang) => (
                                                 <AutocompleteItem
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                 name="question"
                 render={({ field }) => (
                     <FormItem>
-                        <FormLabel>Question</FormLabel>
+                        <FormLabel>{uiT('Question')}</FormLabel>
                         <FormControl>
                             <InputGroup className="block">
                                 <InputGroupTextareaAutosize
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                                     maxLength={KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.question}
                                     maxRows={6}
                                     minRows={1}
-                                    placeholder="Short title or question this document answers"
+                                    placeholder={uiT('Short title or question this document answers')}
                                 />
                             </InputGroup>
                         </FormControl>
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                 name="description"
                 render={({ field }) => (
                     <FormItem>
-                        <FormLabel>Description (optional)</FormLabel>
+                        <FormLabel>{uiT('Description (optional)')}</FormLabel>
                         <FormControl>
                             <InputGroup className="block">
                                 <InputGroupTextareaAutosize
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ export function KnowledgeMetaFields({ control, isNew, isSaving }: KnowledgeMetaF
                                     maxLength={KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.description}
                                     maxRows={8}
                                     minRows={1}
-                                    placeholder="Optional short description"
+                                    placeholder={uiT('Optional short description')}
                                 />
                             </InputGroup>
                         </FormControl>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-layout.tsx b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-layout.tsx
index f241c8a1..66760b3a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form-layout.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type { KnowledgeDocumentFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { Card, CardContent } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import { ResizableHandle, ResizablePanel, ResizablePanelGroup } from '@/components/ui/resizable';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import type { FormValues } from './knowledge-form';
 
@@ -101,12 +102,12 @@ function KnowledgeIntroBlock({ isNew, knowledge }: KnowledgeIntroBlockProps) {
         <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
             <div className="text-center">
                 <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold">
-                    {isNew ? 'Create a new knowledge document' : 'Edit knowledge document'}
+                    {isNew ? uiT('Create a new knowledge document') : uiT('Edit knowledge document')}
                 </h1>
                 <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-2">
                     {isNew
-                        ? 'Add an entry to the vector knowledge base'
-                        : 'Edits to content or metadata will trigger re-embedding'}
+                        ? uiT('Add an entry to the vector knowledge base')
+                        : uiT('Edits to content or metadata will trigger re-embedding')}
                 </p>
             </div>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form.tsx b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form.tsx
index 3bf6d41a..df60ee1a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-form.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { Form } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { Spinner } from '@/components/ui/spinner';
 import { KnowledgeAnswerType, KnowledgeDocType, KnowledgeGuideType, useAnonymizeTextMutation } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
@@ -51,11 +52,11 @@ const optionalTrimmed = (max: number, label: string) =>
 export const formSchema = z
     .object({
         answerType: z.nativeEnum(KnowledgeAnswerType).optional(),
-        codeLang: optionalTrimmed(KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.codeLang, 'Code language'),
+        codeLang: optionalTrimmed(KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.codeLang, uiT('Code language')),
         content: z
             .string()
             .trim()
-            .min(1, { message: 'Content is required' })
+            .min(1, { message: uiT('Content is required') })
             .max(KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.content, {
                 message: `Content must be ${KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.content} characters or fewer`,
             }),
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ export const formSchema = z
         question: z
             .string()
             .trim()
-            .min(1, { message: 'Question is required' })
+            .min(1, { message: uiT('Question is required') })
             .max(KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.question, {
                 message: `Question must be ${KNOWLEDGE_LIMITS.question} characters or fewer`,
             }),
@@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ export const formSchema = z
     .superRefine((value, ctx) => {
         const requiredByDocType: Partial<Record<KnowledgeDocType, { field: FieldPath<FormValues>; message: string }>> =
             {
-                [KnowledgeDocType.Answer]: { field: 'answerType', message: 'Answer type is required' },
-                [KnowledgeDocType.Code]: { field: 'codeLang', message: 'Code language is required' },
+                [KnowledgeDocType.Answer]: { field: 'answerType', message: uiT('Answer type is required') },
+                [KnowledgeDocType.Code]: { field: 'codeLang', message: uiT('Code language is required') },
                 [KnowledgeDocType.Guide]: { field: 'guideType', message: 'Guide type is required' },
             };
 
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ export function KnowledgeForm({ initialValues, isNew, knowledge, onSubmit }: Kno
         <HeaderButton
             disabled={!canSubmit}
             icon={isSaving ? <Spinner variant="circle" /> : <Save aria-hidden="true" />}
-            label={isNew ? 'Create' : 'Save'}
+            label={isNew ? uiT('Create') : uiT('Save')}
             type="submit"
         />
     );
@@ -354,22 +355,22 @@ export function KnowledgeForm({ initialValues, isNew, knowledge, onSubmit }: Kno
             const anonymizedContent = data?.anonymizeText;
 
             if (anonymizedContent == null) {
-                toast.error('Anonymizer returned no result');
+                toast.error(uiT('Anonymizer returned no result'));
 
                 return;
             }
 
             if (anonymizedContent === currentContent) {
-                toast.info('No sensitive data detected');
+                toast.info(uiT('No sensitive data detected'));
 
                 return;
             }
 
             form.setValue('content', anonymizedContent, { shouldDirty: true, shouldValidate: true });
-            toast.success('Content anonymized');
+            toast.success(uiT('Content anonymized'));
         } catch (error) {
             Log.error('Failed to anonymize content', error);
-            toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to anonymize content');
+            toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to anonymize content'));
         } finally {
             setIsAnonymizing(false);
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-header.tsx b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-header.tsx
index af866c40..d97ad288 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-header.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/knowledges/knowledge-header.tsx
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import { SidebarTrigger } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { Spinner } from '@/components/ui/spinner';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { type Knowledge, useKnowledges } from '@/providers/knowledges-provider';
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                 content: knowledge.content,
                 question: newQuestion,
             });
-            toast.success('Knowledge renamed successfully');
+            toast.success(uiT('Knowledge renamed successfully'));
             handleRenameCancel();
         } catch {
             // Error already handled in provider with toast
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                         inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                         onCancel={handleRenameCancel}
                                         onSave={handleRenameSave}
-                                        placeholder="Knowledge question"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Knowledge question')}
                                     />
                                 ) : canShowActions ? (
                                     <Tooltip>
@@ -188,14 +189,14 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                                 className="max-w-64 min-w-0 cursor-text truncate select-none"
                                                 onDoubleClick={handleRenameStart}
                                             >
-                                                {knowledgeName ?? 'Knowledge'}
+                                                {knowledgeName ?? uiT('Knowledge')}
                                             </BreadcrumbPage>
                                         </TooltipTrigger>
-                                        <TooltipContent>Double-click to rename</TooltipContent>
+                                        <TooltipContent>{uiT('Double-click to rename')}</TooltipContent>
                                     </Tooltip>
                                 ) : (
                                     <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">
-                                        {isNew ? 'New knowledge' : (knowledgeName ?? 'Knowledge')}
+                                        {isNew ? uiT('New knowledge') : (knowledgeName ?? uiT('Knowledge'))}
                                     </BreadcrumbPage>
                                 )}
                             </BreadcrumbItem>
@@ -208,14 +209,14 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                             controller={knowledgeNav}
                             renderItem={renderKnowledgeItem}
                             sheetIcon={<LibraryBig className="size-4" />}
-                            sheetTitle="Knowledges"
+                            sheetTitle={uiT('Knowledges')}
                         />
                     )}
                     {canAnonymize && !isMobile && (
                         <HeaderButton
                             disabled={isAnonymizeDisabled}
                             icon={isAnonymizing ? <Spinner variant="circle" /> : <HatGlasses aria-hidden="true" />}
-                            label="Anonymize"
+                            label={uiT('Anonymize')}
                             onClick={onAnonymize}
                             type="button"
                             variant="outline"
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Knowledge actions"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Knowledge actions')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     type="button"
                                     variant="ghost"
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                             ) : (
                                                 <>
                                                     <HatGlasses className="size-4" />
-                                                    Anonymize
+                                                    {uiT('Anonymize')}
                                                 </>
                                             )}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -267,11 +268,11 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                             onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                                         >
                                             <LibraryBig className="size-4" />
-                                            Knowledges
+                                            {uiT('Knowledges')}
                                             <div className="-my-1.5 -mr-2 ml-auto flex items-center">
                                                 <DetailNavigationButtons<Knowledge>
                                                     controller={knowledgeNav}
-                                                    sheetTitle="Knowledges"
+                                                    sheetTitle={uiT('Knowledges')}
                                                     size="sm"
                                                 />
                                             </div>
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                     <>
                                         <DropdownMenuItem onClick={handleRenameStart}>
                                             <Pencil className="size-3" />
-                                            Rename
+                                            {uiT('Rename')}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
                                         <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                         <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -293,12 +294,12 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                                             {isDeleting ? (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                                    Deleting...
+                                                    {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                                 </>
                                             ) : (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                                    Delete
+                                                    {uiT('Delete')}
                                                 </>
                                             )}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -314,12 +315,12 @@ export function KnowledgeHeader({
                     controller={knowledgeNav}
                     renderItem={renderKnowledgeItem}
                     sheetIcon={<LibraryBig className="size-4" />}
-                    sheetTitle="Knowledges"
+                    sheetTitle={uiT('Knowledges')}
                 />
             )}
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={handleDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-copy-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-copy-dialog.tsx
index 5b2a5205..fd5a9668 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-copy-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-copy-dialog.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
 import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
 
 import { resourcesCopyFormSchema, type ResourcesCopyFormValues, useResourcesCopy } from './use-resources-copy';
@@ -183,8 +184,14 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
     });
 
     const isSubmitDisabled = !form.formState.isValid;
-    const titleText = isMulti ? `Copy ${files.length} items` : files[0].isDir ? 'Copy directory' : 'Copy resource';
-    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti ? `Copy ${files.length} with overwrite` : 'Copy with overwrite';
+    const titleText = isMulti
+        ? `Copy ${files.length} items`
+        : files[0].isDir
+          ? uiT('Copy directory')
+          : uiT('Copy resource');
+    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti
+        ? uiT('Copy {{count}} with overwrite', { count: files.length })
+        : uiT('Copy with overwrite');
 
     return (
         <>
@@ -196,10 +203,10 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                     </DialogTitle>
                     <DialogDescription>
                         {isMulti ? (
-                            <>Duplicate every selected item into the destination directory.</>
+                            <>{uiT('Duplicate every selected item into the destination directory.')}</>
                         ) : (
                             <>
-                                Duplicate <code>{files[0].path}</code> to a new path.
+                                {uiT('Duplicate')} <code>{files[0].path}</code> to a new path.
                             </>
                         )}
                     </DialogDescription>
@@ -215,7 +222,9 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                             name="destination"
                             render={({ field }) => (
                                 <FormItem>
-                                    <FormLabel>{isMulti ? 'Destination directory' : 'Destination path'}</FormLabel>
+                                    <FormLabel>
+                                        {isMulti ? uiT('Destination directory') : uiT('Destination path')}
+                                    </FormLabel>
                                     <FormControl>
                                         <Input
                                             {...field}
@@ -223,7 +232,7 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                                             autoFocus
                                             disabled={isCopying}
                                             placeholder={
-                                                isMulti ? 'Leave empty to copy into the library root' : undefined
+                                                isMulti ? uiT('Leave empty to copy into the library root') : undefined
                                             }
                                         />
                                     </FormControl>
@@ -234,7 +243,7 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                                                 item keeps its current filename.
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
-                                            <>Relative path inside your library.</>
+                                            <>{uiT('Relative path inside your library.')}</>
                                         )}
                                     </FormDescription>
                                     <FormMessage />
@@ -249,7 +258,7 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                                 type="button"
                                 variant="outline"
                             >
-                                Cancel
+                                {uiT('Cancel')}
                             </Button>
                             <OverwriteButtons
                                 isDisabled={isSubmitDisabled}
@@ -259,7 +268,7 @@ function ResourcesCopyDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesCopyDialogFormProp
                                 }}
                                 overwriteLabel={overwriteCtaLabel}
                                 primaryIcon={Copy}
-                                primaryLabel="Copy"
+                                primaryLabel={uiT('Copy')}
                                 primaryType="submit"
                             />
                         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-mkdir-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-mkdir-dialog.tsx
index 448a2f16..c152003c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-mkdir-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-mkdir-dialog.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } f
 import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { FormSubmitButton } from '@/components/ui/form-submit-button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { resourcesMkdirFormSchema, type ResourcesMkdirFormValues, useResourcesMkdir } from './use-resources-mkdir';
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ function ResourcesMkdirDialogForm({ defaultParentPath, onClose }: ResourcesMkdir
                         name="path"
                         render={({ field }) => (
                             <FormItem>
-                                <FormLabel>Path</FormLabel>
+                                <FormLabel>{uiT('Path')}</FormLabel>
                                 <FormControl>
                                     <Input
                                         {...field}
@@ -117,9 +118,9 @@ function ResourcesMkdirDialogForm({ defaultParentPath, onClose }: ResourcesMkdir
                             type="button"
                             variant="outline"
                         >
-                            Cancel
+                            {uiT('Cancel')}
                         </Button>
-                        <FormSubmitButton icon={<FolderPlus />}>Create</FormSubmitButton>
+                        <FormSubmitButton icon={<FolderPlus />}>{uiT('Create')}</FormSubmitButton>
                     </div>
                 </form>
             </Form>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-move-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-move-dialog.tsx
index d59ee0c1..6331342d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-move-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/resources-move-dialog.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
 import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from '@/components/ui/form';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
 
 import { resourcesMoveFormSchema, type ResourcesMoveFormValues, useResourcesMove } from './use-resources-move';
@@ -184,9 +185,11 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
     const titleText = isMulti
         ? `Move ${files.length} items`
         : files[0].isDir
-          ? 'Move directory'
-          : 'Rename or move resource';
-    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti ? `Move ${files.length} with overwrite` : 'Move with overwrite';
+          ? uiT('Move directory')
+          : uiT('Rename or move resource');
+    const overwriteCtaLabel = isMulti
+        ? uiT('Move {{count}} with overwrite', { count: files.length })
+        : uiT('Move with overwrite');
 
     return (
         <>
@@ -198,10 +201,10 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
                     </DialogTitle>
                     <DialogDescription>
                         {isMulti ? (
-                            <>Move every selected item into the destination directory.</>
+                            <>{uiT('Move every selected item into the destination directory.')}</>
                         ) : (
                             <>
-                                Update the path of <code>{files[0].path}</code>.
+                                {uiT('Update the path of')} <code>{files[0].path}</code>.
                             </>
                         )}
                     </DialogDescription>
@@ -217,7 +220,7 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
                             name="destination"
                             render={({ field }) => (
                                 <FormItem>
-                                    <FormLabel>{isMulti ? 'Destination directory' : 'New path'}</FormLabel>
+                                    <FormLabel>{isMulti ? uiT('Destination directory') : uiT('New path')}</FormLabel>
                                     <FormControl>
                                         <Input
                                             {...field}
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
                                             autoFocus
                                             disabled={isMoving}
                                             placeholder={
-                                                isMulti ? 'Leave empty to move into the library root' : undefined
+                                                isMulti ? uiT('Leave empty to move into the library root') : undefined
                                             }
                                         />
                                     </FormControl>
@@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
                                 type="button"
                                 variant="outline"
                             >
-                                Cancel
+                                {uiT('Cancel')}
                             </Button>
                             <OverwriteButtons
                                 isDisabled={isSubmitDisabled}
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ function ResourcesMoveDialogForm({ files, onClose }: ResourcesMoveDialogFormProp
                                 }}
                                 overwriteLabel={overwriteCtaLabel}
                                 primaryIcon={FolderInput}
-                                primaryLabel="Move"
+                                primaryLabel={uiT('Move')}
                                 primaryType="submit"
                             />
                         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-copy.ts b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-copy.ts
index ade868aa..827790e8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-copy.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-copy.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { OverwriteOutcome } from '@/components/shared/overwrite';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, getApiErrorStatusCode } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { RESOURCES_COPY_API_PATH } from './resources-constants';
 import { pluralizeItems } from './resources-utils';
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ export const resourcesCopyFormSchema = z.object({
     destination: z
         .string()
         .trim()
-        .min(1, { message: 'Destination cannot be empty' })
-        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: 'Destination must be a relative path' })
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Destination cannot be empty') })
+        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: uiT('Destination must be a relative path') })
         .refine((value) => !value.split('/').includes('..'), { message: 'Destination must not contain ".."' }),
 });
 
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export function useResourcesCopy(): UseResourcesCopyResult {
                         ? `Copied to /${destination}`
                         : `Copied ${sources.length} ${pluralizeItems(sources.length)} into /${destination}`;
 
-                toast.success('Resource copied', { description });
+                toast.success(uiT('Resource copied'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'ok' };
             } catch (error) {
@@ -75,9 +76,9 @@ export function useResourcesCopy(): UseResourcesCopyResult {
                     return { kind: 'conflict' };
                 }
 
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to copy resource');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to copy resource'));
 
-                toast.error('Copy failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Copy failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-delete.ts b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-delete.ts
index aa9bb231..bdeadc2c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-delete.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-delete.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import type { FileNode } from '@/components/shared/file-manager';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { RESOURCES_API_PATH } from './resources-constants';
 import { buildPathsQuery, pluralizeItems } from './resources-utils';
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export function useResourcesDelete({ onAfterDelete }: UseResourcesDeleteParams =
 
                 if (filesToDelete.length === 1) {
                     const single = filesToDelete[0];
-                    toast.success(single.isDir ? 'Directory deleted' : 'Resource deleted');
+                    toast.success(single.isDir ? uiT('Directory deleted') : uiT('Resource deleted'));
                 } else {
                     toast.success(`${filesToDelete.length} ${pluralizeItems(filesToDelete.length)} deleted`);
                 }
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ export function useResourcesDelete({ onAfterDelete }: UseResourcesDeleteParams =
             } catch (error) {
                 const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to delete resource');
 
-                toast.error('Delete failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Delete failed'), { description });
             }
         },
         [onAfterDelete],
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-mkdir.ts b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-mkdir.ts
index 3023349e..76f52684 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-mkdir.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-mkdir.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { RESOURCES_MKDIR_API_PATH } from './resources-constants';
 
@@ -36,13 +37,13 @@ export function useResourcesMkdir(): UseResourcesMkdirResult {
         try {
             await api.post<void, MkdirRequestBody>(RESOURCES_MKDIR_API_PATH, { path: path.trim() });
 
-            toast.success('Directory created', { description: `Created at /${path.trim()}` });
+            toast.success(uiT('Directory created'), { description: `Created at /${path.trim()}` });
 
             return true;
         } catch (error) {
-            const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to create directory');
+            const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to create directory'));
 
-            toast.error('Create directory failed', { description });
+            toast.error(uiT('Create directory failed'), { description });
 
             return false;
         } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-move.ts b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-move.ts
index 8e537733..6237d15d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-move.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-move.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { OverwriteOutcome } from '@/components/shared/overwrite';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, getApiErrorStatusCode } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { RESOURCES_MOVE_API_PATH } from './resources-constants';
 import { pluralizeItems } from './resources-utils';
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ export const resourcesMoveFormSchema = z.object({
     destination: z
         .string()
         .trim()
-        .min(1, { message: 'Destination cannot be empty' })
-        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: 'Destination must be a relative path' })
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Destination cannot be empty') })
+        .refine((value) => !value.startsWith('/'), { message: uiT('Destination must be a relative path') })
         .refine((value) => !value.split('/').includes('..'), { message: 'Destination must not contain ".."' }),
 });
 
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export function useResourcesMove(): UseResourcesMoveResult {
                         ? `Moved to /${destination}`
                         : `Moved ${sources.length} ${pluralizeItems(sources.length)} into /${destination}`;
 
-                toast.success('Resource moved', { description });
+                toast.success(uiT('Resource moved'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'ok' };
             } catch (error) {
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ export function useResourcesMove(): UseResourcesMoveResult {
                     return { kind: 'conflict' };
                 }
 
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to move resource');
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to move resource'));
 
-                toast.error('Move failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Move failed'), { description });
 
                 return { kind: 'error' };
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-upload.ts b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-upload.ts
index b48adeb6..6128f06f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-upload.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/features/resources/use-resources-upload.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import type { UserResourceFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, unwrapApiResponse } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { validateUploadBatch } from '@/lib/upload-validation';
 
 import {
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ const buildUploadSuccessMessage = (uploadedCount: number, dir?: string) => {
     const target = dir ? `to /${dir}` : 'to your library';
 
     if (uploadedCount === 1) {
-        return { description: `Uploaded ${target}`, title: 'File uploaded' };
+        return { description: `Uploaded ${target}`, title: uiT('File uploaded') };
     }
 
     return {
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ export function useResourcesUpload({ defaultDir, onSuccess }: UseResourcesUpload
             });
 
             if (validationError) {
-                toast.error('Upload failed', { description: validationError });
+                toast.error(uiT('Upload failed'), { description: validationError });
 
                 return null;
             }
@@ -169,11 +170,11 @@ export function useResourcesUpload({ defaultDir, onSuccess }: UseResourcesUpload
 
                 return data;
             } catch (error) {
-                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, 'Failed to upload files', {
+                const description = getApiErrorMessage(error, uiT('Failed to upload files'), {
                     409: UPLOAD_OVERWRITE_HINT,
                 });
 
-                toast.error('Upload failed', { description });
+                toast.error(uiT('Upload failed'), { description });
 
                 return null;
             } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/axios.ts b/frontend/src/lib/axios.ts
index 24d3af96..0f799d5a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/axios.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/axios.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { AxiosError, AxiosRequestConfig } from 'axios';
 
 import Axios from 'axios';
 
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { AUTH_STORAGE_KEY } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
 import { Log } from './log';
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ export const unwrapApiResponse = <T>(response: ApiResponse<T>): T => {
     if (!isApiSuccess(response) || response.data == null) {
         const message = !isApiSuccess(response) ? (response.msg ?? response.error) : undefined;
 
-        throw new Error(message ?? 'Unexpected response from server');
+        throw new Error(message ?? uiT('Unexpected response from server'));
     }
 
     return response.data;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/clipboard.ts b/frontend/src/lib/clipboard.ts
index de0bc934..b5eb92a1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/clipboard.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/clipboard.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Terminal as XTerminal } from '@xterm/xterm';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 
 import { ResultFormat } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 /**
  * Interface for message data that can be copied to clipboard
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ export const formatMessageForClipboard = async (messageData: CopyableMessage): P
     let content = '';
 
     if (thinking && thinking.trim()) {
-        content += `<details>\n<summary>Thinking</summary>\n\n${thinking.trim()}\n\n</details>\n\n`;
+        content += `<details>\n<summary>${uiT('Thinking')}</summary>\n\n${thinking.trim()}\n\n</details>\n\n`;
     }
 
     if (message && message.trim()) {
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ export const formatMessageForClipboard = async (messageData: CopyableMessage): P
             }
         }
 
-        content += `<details>\n<summary>Result</summary>\n\n${resultContent}\n\n</details>`;
+        content += `<details>\n<summary>${uiT('Result')}</summary>\n\n${resultContent}\n\n</details>`;
     }
 
     return content;
@@ -175,8 +176,8 @@ export const copyMessageToClipboard = async (messageData: CopyableMessage): Prom
     try {
         const content = await formatMessageForClipboard(messageData);
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(content);
-        toast.success('Copied to clipboard');
+        toast.success(uiT('Copied to clipboard'));
     } catch {
-        toast.error('Failed to copy to clipboard');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy to clipboard'));
     }
 };
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/README.md b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..439b7d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Frontend internationalization
+
+PentAGI uses `i18next` and `react-i18next` for frontend UI localization.
+
+## Adding a language
+
+1. Add a translation resource beside `en-US.ts`.
+2. Register it in `index.ts` and extend `SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES`.
+3. Keep translation keys structurally identical to `en-US.ts`.
+4. Use `useTranslation()` inside React components and call `t('namespace.key')`.
+
+English remains the fallback language. The selected language is stored under
+`pentagi.language` in browser local storage, and the root document `lang`
+attribute is updated whenever the language changes.
+
+Do not translate user content, terminal output, tool output, provider model
+IDs, API field names, or security product names.
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/en-US.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/en-US.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74e57ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/en-US.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+const enUS = {
+    dashboard: {
+        analytics: 'Analytics',
+        breadcrumb: 'Dashboard',
+        month: 'Month',
+        overview: 'Overview',
+        quarter: 'Quarter',
+        week: 'Week',
+    },
+    language: {
+        action: '中文',
+        label: 'Language',
+        switchAriaLabel: 'Switch language to Simplified Chinese',
+    },
+    login: {
+        authenticationFailed: 'Authentication failed',
+        continueWithGithub: 'Continue with GitHub',
+        continueWithGoogle: 'Continue with Google',
+        emailPlaceholder: 'Enter your email',
+        invalidLogin: 'Invalid login',
+        invalidLoginOrPassword: 'Invalid login or password',
+        loginLabel: 'Login',
+        loginRequired: 'Login is required',
+        or: 'or',
+        passwordLabel: 'Password',
+        passwordPlaceholder: 'Enter your password',
+        passwordRequired: 'Password is required',
+        passwordUpdateDescription: 'You need to change your password before continuing.',
+        passwordUpdateTitle: 'Update Password',
+        signIn: 'Sign in',
+    },
+    navigation: {
+        changePassword: 'Change Password',
+        dashboard: 'Dashboard',
+        favoriteFlows: 'Favorite Flows',
+        flows: 'Flows',
+        knowledges: 'Knowledges',
+        logOut: 'Log out',
+        newFlow: 'New Flow',
+        recentFlows: 'Recent Flows',
+        resources: 'Resources',
+        settings: 'Settings',
+        templates: 'Templates',
+        theme: 'Theme',
+        themeDark: 'Dark theme',
+        themeLight: 'Light theme',
+        themeSystem: 'System theme',
+        toggleFavorite: 'Toggle favorite',
+        uploadFile: 'Upload file',
+    },
+} as const;
+
+export default enUS;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.test.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..984da097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import i18n, { getInitialLanguage, LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY, normalizeLanguage, uiT } from './index';
+import { enUSUI, zhCNUI } from './ui';
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+    window.localStorage.clear();
+    await i18n.changeLanguage('en-US');
+});
+
+describe('i18n language selection', () => {
+    it('normalizes Chinese browser variants to Simplified Chinese', () => {
+        expect(normalizeLanguage('zh')).toBe('zh-CN');
+        expect(normalizeLanguage('zh-Hans-CN')).toBe('zh-CN');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to English for unsupported languages', () => {
+        expect(normalizeLanguage('de-DE')).toBe('en-US');
+    });
+
+    it('prefers a stored language over browser detection', () => {
+        window.localStorage.setItem(LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY, 'zh-CN');
+
+        expect(getInitialLanguage()).toBe('zh-CN');
+    });
+});
+
+describe('UI translation catalog', () => {
+    it('keeps the English and Simplified Chinese catalogs structurally identical', () => {
+        const englishKeys = Object.keys(enUSUI).sort();
+        const chineseKeys = Object.keys(zhCNUI).sort();
+
+        expect(chineseKeys.length).toBeGreaterThan(400);
+        expect(englishKeys).toEqual(chineseKeys);
+        expect(Object.values(zhCNUI).every((value) => value.trim().length > 0)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('resolves shared UI text in the active language', async () => {
+        await i18n.changeLanguage('zh-CN');
+        expect(uiT('Settings')).toBe('设置');
+        expect(document.documentElement.lang).toBe('zh-CN');
+
+        await i18n.changeLanguage('en-US');
+        expect(uiT('Settings')).toBe('Settings');
+        expect(document.documentElement.lang).toBe('en-US');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to the source text for a missing UI entry', () => {
+        expect(uiT('Unregistered upstream text')).toBe('Unregistered upstream text');
+    });
+});
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3453c303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import i18n from 'i18next';
+import { initReactI18next } from 'react-i18next';
+
+import enUS from './en-US';
+import { enUSUI, zhCNUI } from './ui';
+import zhCN from './zh-CN';
+
+export const DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = 'en-US';
+export const LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY = 'pentagi.language';
+export const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = ['en-US', 'zh-CN'] as const;
+
+export type SupportedLanguage = (typeof SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES)[number];
+
+export const normalizeLanguage = (language?: null | string): SupportedLanguage =>
+    language?.toLowerCase().startsWith('zh') ? 'zh-CN' : DEFAULT_LANGUAGE;
+
+export const getInitialLanguage = (): SupportedLanguage => {
+    try {
+        const storedLanguage = window.localStorage.getItem(LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY);
+
+        if (storedLanguage) {
+            return normalizeLanguage(storedLanguage);
+        }
+    } catch {
+        // Storage can be disabled by the browser. Fall back to its UI language.
+    }
+
+    return normalizeLanguage(typeof navigator === 'undefined' ? undefined : navigator.language);
+};
+
+const applyDocumentLanguage = (language: string) => {
+    if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
+        document.documentElement.lang = normalizeLanguage(language);
+    }
+};
+
+void i18n.use(initReactI18next).init({
+    defaultNS: 'translation',
+    fallbackLng: DEFAULT_LANGUAGE,
+    initImmediate: false,
+    interpolation: {
+        escapeValue: false,
+    },
+    lng: getInitialLanguage(),
+    ns: ['translation', 'ui'],
+    resources: {
+        'en-US': { translation: enUS, ui: enUSUI },
+        'zh-CN': { translation: zhCN, ui: zhCNUI },
+    },
+    supportedLngs: [...SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES],
+});
+
+applyDocumentLanguage(i18n.resolvedLanguage || i18n.language);
+
+i18n.on('languageChanged', (language) => {
+    const normalizedLanguage = normalizeLanguage(language);
+
+    applyDocumentLanguage(normalizedLanguage);
+
+    try {
+        window.localStorage.setItem(LANGUAGE_STORAGE_KEY, normalizedLanguage);
+    } catch {
+        // The language still changes for the current session when storage is unavailable.
+    }
+});
+
+export const uiT = (text: string, values?: Record<string, unknown>): string =>
+    i18n.t(text, { defaultValue: text, ns: 'ui', ...values });
+
+export default i18n;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/ui.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/ui.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6185abe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/ui.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+export const zhCNUI = {
+    About: '关于',
+    Active: '有效',
+    active: '有效',
+    'Add an entry to the vector knowledge base': '向向量知识库添加条目',
+    'Add to favorites': '添加到收藏',
+    Agent: '智能体',
+    'Agent Configurations': '智能体配置',
+    'Agent logs will appear here when agents are working': '智能体工作时，日志将显示在这里',
+    'Agent Name': '智能体名称',
+    'Agent Prompts': '智能体提示词',
+    Agents: '智能体',
+    'Agent Type': '智能体类型',
+    All: '全部',
+    Analytics: '分析',
+    'and made available inside the container at': '并可在容器内的以下路径使用：',
+    'An error occurred while calling assistant': '调用助手时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while creating assistant': '创建助手时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while creating flow': '创建流程时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while deleting': '删除时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while deleting assistant': '删除助手时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while deleting flow': '删除流程时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while finishing flow': '结束流程时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while resetting': '重置时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while saving': '保存时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while stopping assistant': '停止助手时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while stopping flow': '停止流程时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while submitting message': '发送消息时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while testing': '测试时发生错误',
+    'An error occurred while validating': '验证时发生错误',
+    Anonymize: '匿名化',
+    'Anonymizer returned no result': '匿名化服务未返回结果',
+    'Answer type': '答案类型',
+    'Answer type is required': '请选择答案类型',
+    'An unexpected error occurred while loading the report.': '加载报告时发生意外错误。',
+    'API Token Created': 'API 令牌已创建',
+    'API Tokens': 'API 令牌',
+    'Apply to all': '应用到全部',
+    Assistant: '助手',
+    'Assistant is running... Click Stop to interrupt': '助手正在运行……点击“停止”可中断',
+    'Assistant is starting...': '助手正在启动……',
+    Attach: '附加',
+    'Attach failed': '附加失败',
+    'Attach resources': '附加资源',
+    'A unique name for your provider configuration': '提供商配置的唯一名称',
+    'Authentication cancelled': '认证已取消',
+    'Authentication complete, closing window...': '认证完成，正在关闭窗口……',
+    'Authentication in progress...': '正在认证……',
+    'Authentication required': '需要认证',
+    'Authentication timeout': '认证超时',
+    Automation: '自动化',
+    'Available Variables:': '可用变量：',
+    'Avg Duration': '平均耗时',
+    'Back to App': '返回应用',
+    'Back to Templates': '返回模板',
+    Blockquote: '引用',
+    Bold: '粗体',
+    'Bold (Ctrl+B)': '粗体（Ctrl+B）',
+    'Browse files': '浏览文件',
+    'Browse the running container and select files or directories to sync into the local cache under':
+        '浏览正在运行的容器，并选择要同步到本地缓存中的文件或目录：',
+    'Bullet list': '项目符号列表',
+    'Cache In': '缓存输入',
+    'Cache Out': '缓存输出',
+    'Cache Read Price': '缓存读取价格',
+    'Cache Write Price': '缓存写入价格',
+    Cancel: '取消',
+    'Change Password': '修改密码',
+    'Changes between current value and default template.': '当前内容与默认模板之间的差异。',
+    'Clear search': '清除搜索',
+    Close: '关闭',
+    'Code block': '代码块',
+    'Code language': '代码语言',
+    'Code language is required': '请选择代码语言',
+    'Collapse all': '全部折叠',
+    Columns: '列',
+    'Column settings': '列设置',
+    'Configure a new language model provider': '配置新的语言模型提供商',
+    'Configure prompts for this AI agent': '配置此 AI 智能体的提示词',
+    'Configure settings for each agent type': '配置各类智能体的设置',
+    'Configure the prompt for this tool': '配置此工具的提示词',
+    Confirm: '确认',
+    'Confirm Action': '确认操作',
+    'Confirm New Password': '确认新密码',
+    'Confirm your password': '确认密码',
+    Container: '容器',
+    'Container is not running': '容器未运行',
+    'Container path': '容器路径',
+    Content: '内容',
+    'Content anonymized': '内容已匿名化',
+    'Content is required': '请输入内容',
+    'Continue the conversation...': '继续对话……',
+    'Copied to clipboard': '已复制到剪贴板',
+    Copy: '复制',
+    'Copy / Copy with overwrite / Replace all': '复制 / 覆盖复制 / 全部替换',
+    'Copy directory': '复制目录',
+    'Copy failed': '复制失败',
+    'Copy path': '复制路径',
+    'Copy paths': '复制路径',
+    'Copy resource': '复制资源',
+    'Copy token ID': '复制令牌 ID',
+    'Copy with overwrite': '覆盖复制',
+    Cost: '费用',
+    'Cost In': '输入费用',
+    'Cost Out': '输出费用',
+    'Cost Over Time': '费用趋势',
+    Count: '次数',
+    Create: '创建',
+    'Create a new flow': '创建新流程',
+    'Create a new knowledge document': '创建新的知识文档',
+    'Create a new template': '创建新模板',
+    Created: '创建时间',
+    'Create directory failed': '创建目录失败',
+    'Create Prompt': '创建提示词',
+    'Create Provider': '创建提供商',
+    'Create provider': '创建提供商',
+    'Create provider, choose type, menu': '创建提供商：选择类型菜单',
+    'Create template': '创建模板',
+    'Create your first API token to access PentAGI programmatically': '创建第一个 API 令牌，以便通过程序访问 PentAGI',
+    'Create your first knowledge document to enrich the vector store': '创建第一份知识文档以完善向量存储',
+    'Create your first template to get started': '创建第一个模板以开始使用',
+    'Creating a new flow...': '正在创建新流程……',
+    'Creating assistant...': '正在创建助手……',
+    'Current form has content. Replace with the selected preset?': '当前表单已有内容，是否替换为所选预设？',
+    'Current message has content. Replace with the selected template?': '当前消息已有内容，是否替换为所选模板？',
+    'Current Password': '当前密码',
+    'Current password is incorrect': '当前密码不正确',
+    'Current password is required': '请输入当前密码',
+    Custom: '自定义',
+    Dashboard: '仪表盘',
+    Default: '默认',
+    Delete: '删除',
+    'Delete Assistant': '删除助手',
+    'Delete Directory': '删除目录',
+    'Delete directory': '删除目录',
+    'Delete failed': '删除失败',
+    'Delete File': '删除文件',
+    'Delete resource': '删除资源',
+    'Deleting...': '正在删除……',
+    'Deleting flow...': '正在删除流程……',
+    'Describe what you would like PentAGI to test': '描述你希望 PentAGI 测试的内容',
+    'Describe what you would like PentAGI to test...': '描述你希望 PentAGI 测试的内容……',
+    'Description (optional)': '说明（可选）',
+    'Destination cannot be empty': '目标位置不能为空',
+    'Destination directory': '目标目录',
+    'Destination must be a relative path': '目标位置必须是相对路径',
+    'Destination path': '目标路径',
+    'Details:': '详情：',
+    'Directory created': '目录已创建',
+    'Directory deleted': '目录已删除',
+    'Directory is empty': '目录为空',
+    Discard: '放弃',
+    'Discard changes?': '放弃更改？',
+    'Document type': '文档类型',
+    'Double-click to rename': '双击重命名',
+    Download: '下载',
+    'Drag and drop your files': '拖放文件到此处',
+    'Drop files here': '将文件拖放到这里',
+    'Drop files to upload': '拖放文件以上传',
+    Duplicate: '复制副本',
+    'Duplicate every selected item into the destination directory.': '将所有选中项目复制到目标目录。',
+    'Edit knowledge document': '编辑知识文档',
+    'Edit Prompt': '编辑提示词',
+    'Edit Provider': '编辑提供商',
+    'Edits to content or metadata will trigger re-embedding': '修改内容或元数据将触发重新嵌入',
+    'Edit template': '编辑模板',
+    Enable: '启用',
+    End: '结束',
+    Enter: '输入',
+    'Enter new password': '输入新密码',
+    'Enter provider name': '输入提供商名称',
+    'Enter the human prompt template...': '输入用户提示词模板……',
+    'Enter the system prompt template...': '输入系统提示词模板……',
+    'Enter the tool template...': '输入工具模板……',
+    'Enter your current password': '输入当前密码',
+    Entities: '实体',
+    Error: '错误',
+    'Error:': '错误：',
+    'Error deleting provider': '删除提供商失败',
+    'Error loading flow': '加载流程失败',
+    'Error loading flows': '加载流程列表失败',
+    'Error loading prompt data': '加载提示词数据失败',
+    'Error loading prompts': '加载提示词失败',
+    'Error loading provider data': '加载提供商数据失败',
+    'Error loading providers': '加载提供商失败',
+    'Error Loading Report': '报告加载错误',
+    'Error loading tokens': '加载令牌失败',
+    'Execution statistics for each tool function': '各工具函数的执行统计',
+    'Execution statistics per tool function in this flow': '此流程中各工具函数的执行统计',
+    'Execution time and tool calls breakdown per flow': '各流程的执行时间与工具调用明细',
+    'Expand all': '全部展开',
+    'Expiration date is required': '请选择过期日期',
+    Expires: '过期时间',
+    Failed: '失败',
+    'Failed to add favorite': '添加收藏失败',
+    'Failed to add to favorites': '添加到收藏失败',
+    'Failed to anonymize content': '内容匿名化失败',
+    'Failed to attach resources': '附加资源失败',
+    'Failed to call assistant': '调用助手失败',
+    'Failed to change password': '修改密码失败',
+    'Failed to copy path': '复制路径失败',
+    'Failed to copy paths': '复制多个路径失败',
+    'Failed to copy report to clipboard': '复制报告失败',
+    'Failed to copy resource': '复制资源失败',
+    'Failed to copy to clipboard': '复制到剪贴板失败',
+    'Failed to copy token ID to clipboard': '复制令牌 ID 失败',
+    'Failed to copy token to clipboard': '复制令牌失败',
+    'Failed to create assistant': '创建助手失败',
+    'Failed to create directory': '创建目录失败',
+    'Failed to create flow': '创建流程失败',
+    'Failed to create knowledge document': '创建知识文档失败',
+    'Failed to create provider': '创建提供商失败',
+    'Failed to create template': '创建模板失败',
+    'Failed to delete assistant': '删除助手失败',
+    'Failed to delete file': '删除文件失败',
+    'Failed to delete knowledge document': '删除知识文档失败',
+    'Failed to delete template': '删除模板失败',
+    'Failed to generate PDF': '生成 PDF 失败',
+    'Failed to list container': '读取容器目录失败',
+    'Failed to load container files': '加载容器文件失败',
+    'Failed to load files': '加载文件失败',
+    'Failed to load flow': '加载流程失败',
+    'Failed to load flow data': '加载流程数据失败',
+    'Failed to load resources': '加载资源失败',
+    'Failed to move resource': '移动资源失败',
+    'Failed to pull from container': '从容器拉取失败',
+    'Failed to remove favorite': '取消收藏失败',
+    'Failed to remove from favorites': '从收藏中移除失败',
+    'Failed to rename flow': '重命名流程失败',
+    'Failed to save knowledge document': '保存知识文档失败',
+    'Failed to save resource': '保存资源失败',
+    'Failed to stop assistant': '停止助手失败',
+    'Failed to stop flow': '停止流程失败',
+    'Failed to submit message': '发送消息失败',
+    'Failed to update knowledge document': '更新知识文档失败',
+    'Failed to update template': '更新模板失败',
+    'Failed to upload files': '上传文件失败',
+    'File deleted': '文件已删除',
+    Files: '文件',
+    'File tree': '文件树',
+    'File uploaded': '文件已上传',
+    'File uploaded successfully': '文件上传成功',
+    'Filter agents...': '筛选智能体……',
+    'Filter flows...': '筛选流程……',
+    'Filter knowledge documents...': '筛选知识文档……',
+    'Filter providers...': '筛选提供商……',
+    'Filter tasks': '筛选任务',
+    'Filter templates...': '筛选模板……',
+    'Filter tokens...': '筛选令牌……',
+    'Filter tools...': '筛选工具……',
+    Finish: '结束',
+    Finished: '已完成',
+    'Finishing...': '正在结束……',
+    'Finishing flow...': '正在结束流程……',
+    'First page': '第一页',
+    Flags: '标记',
+    Flow: '流程',
+    'Flow actions': '流程操作',
+    'Flow deleted successfully': '流程已删除',
+    'Flow Execution Details': '流程执行详情',
+    'Flow finished successfully': '流程已结束',
+    'Flow not found': '未找到流程',
+    'Flow renamed successfully': '流程重命名成功',
+    'Flow report': '流程报告',
+    Flows: '流程',
+    'Flows Activity Over Time': '流程活动趋势',
+    'Flow title': '流程标题',
+    'Folders first': '文件夹优先',
+    'Frequency Penalty': '频率惩罚',
+    Function: '函数',
+    General: '常规',
+    'Generating PDF...': '正在生成 PDF……',
+    'Get started by adding your first language model provider': '添加第一个语言模型提供商以开始使用',
+    'Get started by creating your first conversation flow': '创建第一个对话流程以开始使用',
+    'Guide type': '指南类型',
+    'Heading 1': '一级标题',
+    'Heading 2': '二级标题',
+    'Heading 3': '三级标题',
+    'Hide details': '隐藏详情',
+    'Hide thinking': '隐藏思考过程',
+    High: '高',
+    'Horizontal rule': '水平分隔线',
+    'Human Prompt': '用户提示词',
+    'Human prompt type not found': '未找到用户提示词类型',
+    'Human template is required': '请输入用户提示词模板',
+    ID: 'ID',
+    'Inline code': '行内代码',
+    'Input + Output tokens': '输入与输出令牌',
+    'Input + Output tokens processed': '已处理的输入与输出令牌',
+    'Input and output tokens processed daily': '每日处理的输入与输出令牌',
+    'Input Price': '输入价格',
+    'Insert link': '插入链接',
+    Italic: '斜体',
+    'Italic (Ctrl+I)': '斜体（Ctrl+I）',
+    Knowledge: '知识',
+    'Knowledge actions': '知识操作',
+    'Knowledge content (will be embedded into the vector store)': '知识内容（将嵌入向量存储）',
+    'Knowledge document not found': '未找到知识文档',
+    'Knowledge question': '知识问题',
+    'Knowledge renamed successfully': '知识重命名成功',
+    Knowledges: '知识库',
+    'Last page': '最后一页',
+    Leave: '离开',
+    'Leave empty to copy into the library root': '留空将复制到资源库根目录',
+    'Leave empty to move into the library root': '留空将移动到资源库根目录',
+    'Leave empty to save into the library root': '留空将保存到资源库根目录',
+    'Line:': '行号：',
+    Link: '链接',
+    'LLM spending for this flow': '此流程的 LLM 费用',
+    'LLM token usage and costs grouped by agent type': '按智能体类型汇总 LLM 令牌用量和费用',
+    'LLM token usage and costs grouped by model': '按模型汇总 LLM 令牌用量和费用',
+    'LLM token usage and costs grouped by model and provider, with agent types used':
+        '按模型和提供商汇总 LLM 令牌用量和费用，并列出使用的智能体类型',
+    'LLM token usage and costs grouped by provider': '按提供商汇总 LLM 令牌用量和费用',
+    'LLM token usage and costs per agent type in this flow': '此流程中各智能体类型的 LLM 令牌用量和费用',
+    'Loading...': '正在加载……',
+    'Loading flows...': '正在加载流程……',
+    'Loading knowledges...': '正在加载知识库……',
+    'Loading prompt data...': '正在加载提示词数据……',
+    'Loading prompts...': '正在加载提示词……',
+    'Loading provider data...': '正在加载提供商数据……',
+    'Loading providers...': '正在加载提供商……',
+    'Loading Report...': '正在加载报告……',
+    'Loading tokens...': '正在加载令牌……',
+    'Login failed. Please try again.': '登录失败，请重试。',
+    Low: '低',
+    'Manage API tokens for programmatic access': '管理用于程序访问的 API 令牌',
+    'Manage language model providers': '管理语言模型提供商',
+    'Manage system and custom prompt templates': '管理系统和自定义提示词模板',
+    'Maximum 50 characters allowed': '最多允许 50 个字符',
+    'Max Length': '最大长度',
+    'Max Tokens': '最大令牌数',
+    Medium: '中',
+    'Message cannot be empty': '消息不能为空',
+    'Min Length': '最小长度',
+    Model: '模型',
+    'Model is required': '请选择模型',
+    Modified: '修改时间',
+    More: '更多',
+    'More actions': '更多操作',
+    Move: '移动',
+    'Move / Move with overwrite / Replace all': '移动 / 覆盖移动 / 全部替换',
+    'Move directory': '移动目录',
+    'Move every selected item into the destination directory.': '将所有选中项目移动到目标目录。',
+    'Move failed': '移动失败',
+    'Move with overwrite': '覆盖移动',
+    'Must be 16+ characters, or 8+ with number, lowercase, uppercase, and special character (!@#$&*)':
+        '密码须至少 16 个字符；或至少 8 个字符且同时包含数字、小写字母、大写字母和特殊字符（!@#$&*）',
+    'N/A': '不适用',
+    Name: '名称',
+    New: '新建',
+    'New assistant': '新建助手',
+    'New Flow': '新建流程',
+    'New flow': '新建流程',
+    'New folder': '新建文件夹',
+    'New folder here': '在此新建文件夹',
+    'New knowledge': '新建知识',
+    'New Knowledge': '新建知识',
+    'New Password': '新密码',
+    'New path': '新路径',
+    'New provider': '新建提供商',
+    'New Provider': '新建提供商',
+    'New template': '新建模板',
+    'New Template': '新建模板',
+    Next: '下一个',
+    'Next match': '下一个匹配项',
+    'Next page': '下一页',
+    'No active tasks': '没有活动任务',
+    'No agent configuration available': '没有可用的智能体配置',
+    'No agent logs available': '暂无智能体日志',
+    'No agent logs found': '未找到智能体日志',
+    'No API tokens configured': '尚未配置 API 令牌',
+    'No assistants found.': '未找到助手。',
+    'No available providers': '没有可用的提供商',
+    'No available resources': '没有可用的资源',
+    'No available tasks': '没有可用任务',
+    'No available templates': '没有可用的模板',
+    'No configuration available': '没有可用配置',
+    'No data for this period': '该时间段没有数据',
+    'No files in cache': '缓存中没有文件',
+    'No files match': '没有匹配的文件',
+    'No flow executions in this period': '此时间段没有流程执行记录',
+    'No flows found': '未找到流程',
+    'No host was found to connect to.': '未找到可连接的主机。',
+    'No items match the current filter.': '没有项目符合当前筛选条件。',
+    'No knowledge documents yet': '尚无知识文档',
+    'No matches': '没有匹配项',
+    'No matching language': '没有匹配的语言',
+    'No matching paths': '没有匹配的路径',
+    'No messages': '没有消息',
+    'No messages found': '未找到消息',
+    'No messages found for this assistant': '此助手没有消息',
+    'No prompts available': '没有可用提示词',
+    'No providers configured': '尚未配置提供商',
+    'No resources match': '没有匹配的资源',
+    'No resources yet': '尚无资源',
+    'No results': '没有结果',
+    'No results.': '没有结果。',
+    'No results found': '未找到结果',
+    'No screenshots available': '暂无截图',
+    'No search logs available': '暂无搜索日志',
+    'No search logs found': '未找到搜索日志',
+    'No sensitive data detected': '未检测到敏感数据',
+    'No tasks available for this flow.': '此流程没有可用任务。',
+    'No tasks found for this flow': '此流程没有任务',
+    'No templates yet': '尚无模板',
+    'No terminal logs found': '未找到终端日志',
+    'No terminals': '没有终端',
+    'No tests available for this agent': '此智能体没有可用测试',
+    'Nothing to pull from': '没有可拉取的内容',
+    'Not selected': '未选择',
+    'No vector store logs available': '暂无向量存储日志',
+    'No vector store logs found': '未找到向量存储日志',
+    Open: '打开',
+    'Open menu': '打开菜单',
+    'Open web view': '打开网页视图',
+    'Optional short description': '可选的简短说明',
+    'Ordered list': '有序列表',
+    'Output Price': '输出价格',
+    'Output tokens processed': '已处理的输出令牌',
+    Overview: '概览',
+    Page: '页',
+    'Parent directory': '上级目录',
+    'Password must be at least 8 characters': '密码至少需要 8 个字符',
+    'Password must not exceed 100 characters': '密码不能超过 100 个字符',
+    "Passwords don't match": '两次输入的密码不一致',
+    'Password successfully changed': '密码修改成功',
+    Path: '路径',
+    'Path copied to clipboard': '路径已复制到剪贴板',
+    'PentAGI is working... Click Stop to interrupt': 'PentAGI 正在工作……点击“停止”可中断',
+    'Pick date': '选择日期',
+    'Pick files and/or folders from your global library — they will be copied into':
+        '从全局资源库选择文件或文件夹，它们将被复制到',
+    'Pick files and/or folders from your global library. They will be copied into this flow at':
+        '从全局资源库选择文件或文件夹，它们将被复制到此流程的',
+    'Please confirm your input.': '请确认输入内容。',
+    'Please wait while we fetch prompt information': '正在获取提示词信息，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch provider configuration': '正在获取提供商配置，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch your API tokens': '正在获取 API 令牌，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch your conversation flows': '正在获取流程，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch your knowledge documents': '正在获取知识文档，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch your prompt templates': '正在获取提示词模板，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we fetch your provider configurations': '正在获取提供商配置，请稍候',
+    'Please wait while we prepare your penetration testing report.': '正在准备渗透测试报告，请稍候。',
+    'Please wait while we set up your new assistant': '正在创建新助手，请稍候',
+    'Popup blocked. Please allow popups for this site.': '弹窗被阻止，请允许此网站打开弹窗。',
+    'Presence Penalty': '存在惩罚',
+    'Preset template': '预设模板',
+    'Preset templates': '预设模板',
+    Preview: '预览',
+    Previous: '上一个',
+    'Previous match': '上一个匹配项',
+    'Previous page': '上一页',
+    'Price Configuration': '价格配置',
+    Promote: '保存到资源库',
+    'Promote every selected entry from this flow into your global resource library so you can reuse them in other flows.':
+        '将此流程中所有选中项目保存到全局资源库，以便在其他流程中复用。',
+    Prompt: '提示词',
+    'Prompt not found': '未找到提示词',
+    Prompts: '提示词',
+    'Prompt Templates': '提示词模板',
+    'Prompt templates could not be loaded': '无法加载提示词模板',
+    'Prompt templates for system tools and utilities': '系统工具和实用程序使用的提示词模板',
+    'Provide additional context or instructions...': '提供更多背景或说明……',
+    Provider: '提供商',
+    'Provider must be selected': '必须选择提供商',
+    'Provider name is required': '请输入提供商名称',
+    Providers: '提供商',
+    'Provider Settings': '提供商设置',
+    'Provider Test Results': '提供商测试结果',
+    'Provider type is required': '请选择提供商类型',
+    'Pull / Pull with overwrite / Replace all': '拉取 / 覆盖拉取 / 全部替换',
+    'Pulled from container': '已从容器拉取',
+    'Pull failed': '拉取失败',
+    'Pull file or directory from container': '从容器拉取文件或目录',
+    'Pull from container': '从容器拉取',
+    'Pull with overwrite': '覆盖拉取',
+    'Pushed to': '已推送到',
+    Question: '问题',
+    'Question is required': '请输入问题',
+    'Reasoning Configuration': '推理配置',
+    'Reasoning Effort': '推理强度',
+    Redo: '重做',
+    'Redo (Ctrl+Shift+Z)': '重做（Ctrl+Shift+Z）',
+    'Refresh listing': '刷新列表',
+    'Relative dates': '相对日期',
+    'Relative path inside your library.': '资源库中的相对路径。',
+    'Remove from favorites': '从收藏中移除',
+    Rename: '重命名',
+    'Rename or move': '重命名或移动',
+    'Rename or move resource': '重命名或移动资源',
+    'Repetition Penalty': '重复惩罚',
+    Replace: '替换',
+    'Replace all': '全部替换',
+    'Replace content?': '替换内容？',
+    'Replace existing item?': '替换现有项目？',
+    Report: '报告',
+    'Report copied to clipboard': '报告已复制到剪贴板',
+    Reset: '重置',
+    'Reset All': '全部重置',
+    'Reset filters': '重置筛选',
+    'Reset Human': '重置用户提示词',
+    'Reset Prompt': '重置提示词',
+    'Reset System': '重置系统提示词',
+    'Resetting...': '正在重置……',
+    'Resource copied': '资源已复制',
+    'Resource deleted': '资源已删除',
+    'Resource library is empty': '资源库为空',
+    'Resource moved': '资源已移动',
+    Resources: '资源',
+    'Resources attached': '资源已附加',
+    Result: '结果',
+    Revoked: '已撤销',
+    revoked: '已撤销',
+    'Row actions': '行操作',
+    'Rows per page': '每页行数',
+    Running: '运行中',
+    Save: '保存',
+    'Save & leave': '保存并离开',
+    'Save / Save with overwrite / Replace all': '保存 / 覆盖保存 / 全部替换',
+    'Save as resource': '保存为资源',
+    'Save as resource failed': '保存为资源失败',
+    'Save as resources': '保存为资源',
+    'Save Changes': '保存更改',
+    'Saved to resources': '已保存到资源',
+    'Save template': '保存模板',
+    'Save with overwrite': '覆盖保存',
+    'Saving...': '正在保存……',
+    Screenshots: '截图',
+    'Screenshots will appear here once the agent captures them': '智能体截取画面后，截图将显示在这里',
+    Search: '搜索',
+    'Search...': '搜索……',
+    'Search agent logs...': '搜索智能体日志……',
+    'Search assistants...': '搜索助手……',
+    Searches: '搜索',
+    'Search files...': '搜索文件……',
+    'Search in': '搜索范围',
+    'Search knowledge documents': '搜索知识文档',
+    'Search logs will appear here when the agent performs searches': '智能体执行搜索时，日志将显示在这里',
+    'Search messages...': '搜索消息……',
+    'Search resources': '搜索资源',
+    'Search resources...': '搜索资源……',
+    'Search screenshots...': '搜索截图……',
+    'Search tasks...': '搜索任务……',
+    'Search tasks and subtasks...': '搜索任务和子任务……',
+    'Search terminal logs...': '搜索终端日志……',
+    'Search tool logs...': '搜索工具日志……',
+    'Search vector store logs...': '搜索向量存储日志……',
+    'Select a flow': '选择流程',
+    'Select a flow...': '选择流程……',
+    'Select a flow to view the dashboard': '选择一个流程以查看仪表盘',
+    'Select all': '全选',
+    'Select answer type': '选择答案类型',
+    'Select effort level (optional)': '选择推理强度（可选）',
+    'Select guide type': '选择指南类型',
+    'Select one or more items': '选择一个或多个项目',
+    'Select or enter model name': '选择或输入模型名称',
+    'Select Provider': '选择提供商',
+    'Select provider': '选择提供商',
+    'Select type': '选择类型',
+    'Semantic search...': '语义搜索……',
+    'Session expired. Please login again.': '会话已过期，请重新登录。',
+    Settings: '设置',
+    'Short title or question this document answers': '此文档回答的简短标题或问题',
+    'Show details': '显示详情',
+    'Show thinking': '显示思考过程',
+    Size: '大小',
+    'Skip for now': '暂时跳过',
+    'Snapshots are stored separately under': '快照单独存储在',
+    'Sort by name (ascending)': '按名称升序排列',
+    'Source URL': '来源网址',
+    'Starting a new task may take some time as the PentAGI agent downloads the required Docker image':
+        '启动新任务可能需要一些时间，因为 PentAGI 智能体需要下载所需的 Docker 镜像',
+    Status: '状态',
+    Stay: '留下',
+    Stop: '停止',
+    Stored: '已存储',
+    Submit: '提交',
+    Subtasks: '子任务',
+    Success: '成功',
+    'System and human prompts for AI agents': 'AI 智能体使用的系统提示词和用户提示词',
+    'System Prompt': '系统提示词',
+    'System template is required': '请输入系统提示词模板',
+    Task: '任务',
+    'Task actions': '任务操作',
+    Tasks: '任务',
+    'Tasks not found': '未找到任务',
+    'Tasks will appear here once the agent starts working': '智能体开始工作后，任务将显示在这里',
+    Temperature: '温度',
+    Template: '模板',
+    'Template actions': '模板操作',
+    'Template not found': '未找到模板',
+    'Template renamed successfully': '模板重命名成功',
+    Templates: '模板',
+    'Templates and resources': '模板和资源',
+    'Template title': '模板标题',
+    Terminal: '终端',
+    Terminals: '终端',
+    Test: '测试',
+    'Testing...': '正在测试……',
+    'Text is required': '请输入文本',
+    'The flow is starting...': '流程正在启动……',
+    'The template you are looking for does not exist.': '你要查找的模板不存在。',
+    'The type of language model provider': '语言模型提供商类型',
+    Thinking: '思考过程',
+    'This assistant session has ended. Create a new one to continue.': '此助手会话已结束，请新建助手后继续。',
+    'This flow has ended. Create a new one to continue.': '此流程已结束，请新建流程后继续。',
+    Title: '标题',
+    'Toggle favorite': '切换收藏状态',
+    'Toggle Sidebar': '切换侧边栏',
+    'Token copied to clipboard': '令牌已复制',
+    'Token ID': '令牌 ID',
+    'Token ID copied to clipboard': '令牌 ID 已复制',
+    'Token name (optional)': '令牌名称（可选）',
+    Tokens: '令牌',
+    'Tokens In': '输入令牌',
+    'Tokens Out': '输出令牌',
+    'Token Usage Over Time': '令牌用量趋势',
+    Tool: '工具',
+    'Tool Calls': '工具调用',
+    'Tool Calls by Function': '按函数统计工具调用',
+    'Tool Calls Over Time': '工具调用趋势',
+    'Tool Name': '工具名称',
+    'Tool name': '工具名称',
+    'Tool Prompts': '工具提示词',
+    'Top K': 'Top K',
+    'Top P': 'Top P',
+    'Total Cost': '总费用',
+    'Total Duration': '总耗时',
+    'Total Flows': '流程总数',
+    'Total LLM spending across all providers': '所有提供商的 LLM 总费用',
+    'Total Tokens': '令牌总数',
+    'Try adjusting your search or filter parameters': '请调整搜索或筛选条件',
+    Type: '类型',
+    'Type a message below to create a new assistant...': '在下方输入消息以创建新助手……',
+    'Type a message to create a new assistant...': '输入消息以创建新助手……',
+    'Type your message...': '输入消息……',
+    Undo: '撤销',
+    'Undo (Ctrl+Z)': '撤销（Ctrl+Z）',
+    'Unexpected response from server': '服务器返回了意外响应',
+    Unknown: '未知',
+    Updated: '更新时间',
+    'Update Password': '更新密码',
+    'Update Provider': '更新提供商',
+    'Update provider settings and configuration': '更新提供商设置和配置',
+    'Update the path of': '更新路径：',
+    'Upload failed': '上传失败',
+    'Upload files': '上传文件',
+    'Upload here': '上传到这里',
+    'Uploading...': '正在上传……',
+    'Upload resources first to attach them to a flow.': '请先上传资源，再将其附加到流程。',
+    Uploads: '上传内容',
+    'Usage by Agent Type': '按智能体类型统计用量',
+    'Usage by Model': '按模型统计用量',
+    'Usage by Model & Provider': '按模型和提供商统计用量',
+    'Usage by Model & Provider': '按模型和提供商统计用量',
+    'Usage by Provider': '按提供商统计用量',
+    'Use Agents': '使用智能体',
+    'Use the folder arrow or double-click a row to open it.': '点击文件夹行的箭头或双击该行可进入目录。',
+    Validate: '验证',
+    'Validating...': '正在验证……',
+    'Validation Error': '验证错误',
+    'Validation Results': '验证结果',
+    'Valid Template': '模板有效',
+    'Vector Store': '向量存储',
+    'Vector store logs will appear here when the agent uses knowledge database':
+        '智能体使用知识数据库时，向量存储日志将显示在这里',
+    View: '查看',
+    Waiting: '等待中',
+    'Waiting for subtasks to be created...': '正在等待创建子任务……',
+    'What would you like me to help you with?': '你希望我帮助你做什么？',
+    'You do not have permission to execute the api.': '你没有执行此 API 的权限。',
+    'You have unsaved changes. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?':
+        '存在未保存的更改，确定不保存并离开吗？',
+} as const;
+
+export const enUSUI = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(zhCNUI).map((key) => [key, key])) as Record<
+    keyof typeof zhCNUI,
+    string
+>;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/zh-CN.ts b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/zh-CN.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b4250ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/zh-CN.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+const zhCN = {
+    dashboard: {
+        analytics: '分析',
+        breadcrumb: '仪表盘',
+        month: '月',
+        overview: '概览',
+        quarter: '季度',
+        week: '周',
+    },
+    language: {
+        action: 'English',
+        label: '语言',
+        switchAriaLabel: '切换语言为英文',
+    },
+    login: {
+        authenticationFailed: '身份验证失败',
+        continueWithGithub: '使用 GitHub 继续',
+        continueWithGoogle: '使用 Google 继续',
+        emailPlaceholder: '输入电子邮箱',
+        invalidLogin: '登录名无效',
+        invalidLoginOrPassword: '登录名或密码错误',
+        loginLabel: '登录名',
+        loginRequired: '请输入登录名',
+        or: '或',
+        passwordLabel: '密码',
+        passwordPlaceholder: '输入密码',
+        passwordRequired: '请输入密码',
+        passwordUpdateDescription: '继续使用前需要修改密码。',
+        passwordUpdateTitle: '更新密码',
+        signIn: '登录',
+    },
+    navigation: {
+        changePassword: '修改密码',
+        dashboard: '仪表盘',
+        favoriteFlows: '收藏的流程',
+        flows: '流程',
+        knowledges: '知识库',
+        logOut: '退出登录',
+        newFlow: '新建流程',
+        recentFlows: '最近流程',
+        resources: '资源',
+        settings: '设置',
+        templates: '模板',
+        theme: '主题',
+        themeDark: '深色主题',
+        themeLight: '浅色主题',
+        themeSystem: '跟随系统',
+        toggleFavorite: '切换收藏状态',
+        uploadFile: '上传文件',
+    },
+} as const;
+
+export default zhCN;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/report/report.ts b/frontend/src/lib/report/report.ts
index 6a6fdfdd..d37ad889 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/report/report.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/report/report.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import GithubSlugger from 'github-slugger';
 import type { FlowFragmentFragment, TaskFragmentFragment } from '@/graphql/types';
 
 import { StatusType } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 
 const getStatusEmoji = (status: StatusType): string => {
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ export const generateReport = (tasks: TaskFragmentFragment[], flow?: FlowFragmen
             return `# ${flowEmoji} ${flow.id}. ${flow.title}\n\nNo tasks available for this flow.`;
         }
 
-        return 'No tasks available for this flow.';
+        return uiT('No tasks available for this flow.');
     }
 
     const sortedTasks = [...tasks].sort((a, b) => +a.id - +b.id);
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/format-prompt-id.ts b/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/format-prompt-id.ts
index 2982a513..b6e9d06a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/format-prompt-id.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/format-prompt-id.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
+
 /**
  * Converts a camelCase prompt key (e.g. "agentSelector") into a display
  * label ("Agent Selector"). Shared between the prompt detail page header
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@
  */
 export const formatPromptId = (key: string): string => {
     if (!/^[a-z][a-zA-Z]*$/.test(key)) {
-        return 'Prompt';
+        return uiT('Prompt');
     }
 
     return key.replaceAll(/([A-Z])/g, ' $1').replace(/^./, (str) => str.toUpperCase());
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/index.ts b/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/index.ts
index 0e430826..3af67b20 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/route-titles/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
     useKnowledgeDocumentQuery,
     useSettingsProvidersQuery,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 import { apolloTitle } from './apollo-title';
 import { formatPromptId } from './format-prompt-id';
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ export type TitleResolver = ((params: RouteParams) => string) | ComponentType<{
  * from this registry onto the matching <Route>.
  */
 export const routeTitles = {
-    apiTokens: { title: 'API Tokens' },
-    dashboard: { title: 'Dashboard' },
+    apiTokens: { title: uiT('API Tokens') },
+    dashboard: { title: uiT('Dashboard') },
     flow: {
         title: apolloTitle({
             select: (data, { flowId }) =>
@@ -44,55 +45,55 @@ export const routeTitles = {
             variables: ({ flowId }) => (flowId ? { id: flowId } : null),
         }),
     },
-    flowReport: { title: 'Flow report' },
-    flows: { title: 'Flows' },
+    flowReport: { title: uiT('Flow report') },
+    flows: { title: uiT('Flows') },
     knowledge: {
         title: apolloTitle({
             select: (data, { knowledgeId }) =>
-                knowledgeId === 'new' ? 'New knowledge' : data?.knowledgeDocument?.question || 'Knowledge',
+                knowledgeId === 'new' ? uiT('New knowledge') : data?.knowledgeDocument?.question || uiT('Knowledge'),
             useQuery: useKnowledgeDocumentQuery,
             variables: ({ knowledgeId }) => (!knowledgeId || knowledgeId === 'new' ? null : { id: knowledgeId }),
         }),
     },
-    knowledges: { title: 'Knowledges' },
+    knowledges: { title: uiT('Knowledges') },
     login: { title: 'Login' },
-    newFlow: { title: 'New flow' },
+    newFlow: { title: uiT('New flow') },
     oauth: { title: 'OAuth' },
     prompt: {
         title: (params: RouteParams) => (params.promptId ? formatPromptId(params.promptId) : 'Prompt'),
     },
-    prompts: { title: 'Prompts' },
+    prompts: { title: uiT('Prompts') },
 
     provider: {
         title: apolloTitle({
             select: (data, { providerId }) => {
                 if (providerId === 'new') {
-                    return 'New provider';
+                    return uiT('New provider');
                 }
 
                 const provider = data?.settingsProviders.userDefined?.find(
                     (candidate) => String(candidate.id) === providerId,
                 );
 
-                return provider?.name || 'Provider';
+                return provider?.name || uiT('Provider');
             },
             useQuery: useSettingsProvidersQuery,
             variables: ({ providerId }) => (providerId === 'new' ? null : {}),
         }),
     },
 
-    providers: { title: 'Providers' },
+    providers: { title: uiT('Providers') },
 
-    resources: { title: 'Resources' },
+    resources: { title: uiT('Resources') },
 
     template: {
         title: apolloTitle({
             select: (data, { templateId }) =>
-                templateId === 'new' ? 'New template' : data?.flowTemplate?.title || 'Template',
+                templateId === 'new' ? uiT('New template') : data?.flowTemplate?.title || uiT('Template'),
             useQuery: useFlowTemplateQuery,
             variables: ({ templateId }) => (!templateId || templateId === 'new' ? null : { templateId }),
         }),
     },
 
-    templates: { title: 'Templates' },
+    templates: { title: uiT('Templates') },
 } as const satisfies Record<string, RouteTitleHandle>;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/upload-validation.ts b/frontend/src/lib/upload-validation.ts
index e3b77c1e..68e6d385 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/upload-validation.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/upload-validation.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ const MEGABYTE = 1024 * 1024;
  * Validate a batch of `File` objects against the supplied limits. Returns
  * `null` when the batch is acceptable or the user-facing error message for
  * the **first** violation otherwise — callers typically forward this string
- * directly into a `toast.error('Upload failed', { description })`.
+ * directly into a `toast.error(uiT('Upload failed'), { description })`.
  *
  * Empty batches are treated as a no-op (`null`); callers usually short-circuit
  * before reaching the validator anyway.
diff --git a/frontend/src/main.tsx b/frontend/src/main.tsx
index e1ca04f4..b0c219d6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/main.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/main.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import * as React from 'react';
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
 
 import App from '@/app';
+import '@/lib/i18n';
 
 ReactDOM.createRoot(document.querySelector('#root')!).render(
     <React.StrictMode>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-analytics.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-analytics.tsx
index 5944a06b..4d16b89d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-analytics.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-analytics.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
     useToolcallsStatsByPeriodQuery,
     useUsageStatsByPeriodQuery,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { formatCost, formatDuration, formatNumber, formatTokenCount } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                 empty={!flowsByPeriodLoading && flowsChartData.length === 0}
                 height={320}
                 loading={flowsByPeriodLoading}
-                title="Flows Activity Over Time"
+                title={uiT('Flows Activity Over Time')}
             >
                 <BarChart
                     data={flowsChartData}
@@ -172,19 +173,19 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                     <Bar
                         dataKey="flows"
                         fill={CHART_COLORS.area1}
-                        name="Flows"
+                        name={uiT('Flows')}
                         radius={[4, 4, 0, 0]}
                     />
                     <Bar
                         dataKey="tasks"
                         fill={CHART_COLORS.area2}
-                        name="Tasks"
+                        name={uiT('Tasks')}
                         radius={[4, 4, 0, 0]}
                     />
                     <Bar
                         dataKey="subtasks"
                         fill={CHART_COLORS.area3}
-                        name="Subtasks"
+                        name={uiT('Subtasks')}
                         radius={[4, 4, 0, 0]}
                     />
                 </BarChart>
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                     description="Number of tool executions per day"
                     empty={!toolcallsByPeriodLoading && toolcallsChartData.length === 0}
                     loading={toolcallsByPeriodLoading}
-                    title="Tool Calls Over Time"
+                    title={uiT('Tool Calls Over Time')}
                 >
                     <BarChart
                         data={toolcallsChartData}
@@ -230,17 +231,17 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                         <Bar
                             dataKey="count"
                             fill={CHART_COLORS.bar1}
-                            name="Tool Calls"
+                            name={uiT('Tool Calls')}
                             radius={[4, 4, 0, 0]}
                         />
                     </BarChart>
                 </ChartCard>
 
                 <ChartCard
-                    description="Input and output tokens processed daily"
+                    description={uiT('Input and output tokens processed daily')}
                     empty={!usageByPeriodLoading && usageChartData.length === 0}
                     loading={usageByPeriodLoading}
-                    title="Token Usage Over Time"
+                    title={uiT('Token Usage Over Time')}
                 >
                     <AreaChart
                         data={usageChartData}
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                             dataKey="tokensIn"
                             fill={CHART_COLORS.area1}
                             fillOpacity={0.3}
-                            name="Tokens In"
+                            name={uiT('Tokens In')}
                             stroke={CHART_COLORS.area1}
                             type="monotone"
                         />
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                             dataKey="tokensOut"
                             fill={CHART_COLORS.area2}
                             fillOpacity={0.3}
-                            name="Tokens Out"
+                            name={uiT('Tokens Out')}
                             stroke={CHART_COLORS.area2}
                             type="monotone"
                         />
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                 empty={!usageByPeriodLoading && usageChartData.length === 0}
                 height={240}
                 loading={usageByPeriodLoading}
-                title="Cost Over Time"
+                title={uiT('Cost Over Time')}
             >
                 <AreaChart
                     data={usageChartData}
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                         dataKey="costIn"
                         fill={CHART_COLORS.area1}
                         fillOpacity={0.3}
-                        name="Cost In"
+                        name={uiT('Cost In')}
                         stroke={CHART_COLORS.area1}
                         type="monotone"
                     />
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                         dataKey="costOut"
                         fill={CHART_COLORS.area3}
                         fillOpacity={0.3}
-                        name="Cost Out"
+                        name={uiT('Cost Out')}
                         stroke={CHART_COLORS.area3}
                         type="monotone"
                     />
@@ -352,8 +353,8 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
 
             <Card>
                 <CardHeader>
-                    <CardTitle>Flow Execution Details</CardTitle>
-                    <CardDescription>Execution time and tool calls breakdown per flow</CardDescription>
+                    <CardTitle>{uiT('Flow Execution Details')}</CardTitle>
+                    <CardDescription>{uiT('Execution time and tool calls breakdown per flow')}</CardDescription>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent>
                     {executionStatsLoading ? (
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ export function DashboardAnalytics({ period }: { period: UsageStatsPeriod }) {
                         </div>
                     ) : !deferredExecutionStats.length ? (
                         <p className="text-muted-foreground py-8 text-center text-sm">
-                            No flow executions in this period
+                            {uiT('No flow executions in this period')}
                         </p>
                     ) : (
                         <div
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-overview.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-overview.tsx
index 0086eef7..40b20707 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-overview.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard-overview.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
     useUsageStatsByProviderQuery,
     useUsageStatsTotalQuery,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatCost, formatDuration, formatNumber, formatTokenCount } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 
 export function DashboardOverview() {
@@ -57,36 +58,36 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
                     description={`Tasks: ${flowsTotal?.totalTasksCount ?? 0} · Subtasks: ${flowsTotal?.totalSubtasksCount ?? 0} · Assistants: ${flowsTotal?.totalAssistantsCount ?? 0}`}
                     icon={<GitFork className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={flowsTotalLoading}
-                    title="Total Flows"
+                    title={uiT('Total Flows')}
                     value={flowsTotal ? formatNumber(flowsTotal.totalFlowsCount) : '0'}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
                     description={`Total duration: ${toolcallsTotal ? formatDuration(toolcallsTotal.totalDurationSeconds) : '—'}`}
                     icon={<Activity className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={toolcallsTotalLoading}
-                    title="Tool Calls"
+                    title={uiT('Tool Calls')}
                     value={toolcallsTotal ? formatNumber(toolcallsTotal.totalCount) : '0'}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
-                    description="Input + Output tokens processed"
+                    description={uiT('Input + Output tokens processed')}
                     icon={<Cpu className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={usageTotalLoading}
-                    title="Total Tokens"
+                    title={uiT('Total Tokens')}
                     value={formatTokenCount(totalTokens)}
                 />
                 <MetricCard
-                    description="Total LLM spending across all providers"
+                    description={uiT('Total LLM spending across all providers')}
                     icon={<CircleDollarSign className="text-muted-foreground size-4" />}
                     loading={usageTotalLoading}
-                    title="Total Cost"
+                    title={uiT('Total Cost')}
                     value={formatCost(totalCost)}
                 />
             </div>
 
             <Card>
                 <CardHeader>
-                    <CardTitle>Usage by Provider</CardTitle>
-                    <CardDescription>LLM token usage and costs grouped by provider</CardDescription>
+                    <CardTitle>{uiT('Usage by Provider')}</CardTitle>
+                    <CardDescription>{uiT('LLM token usage and costs grouped by provider')}</CardDescription>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent>
                     {usageByProviderLoading ? <LoadingTable /> : <UsageStatsTable rows={providerRows} />}
@@ -95,8 +96,8 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
 
             <Card>
                 <CardHeader>
-                    <CardTitle>Usage by Model</CardTitle>
-                    <CardDescription>LLM token usage and costs grouped by model</CardDescription>
+                    <CardTitle>{uiT('Usage by Model')}</CardTitle>
+                    <CardDescription>{uiT('LLM token usage and costs grouped by model')}</CardDescription>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent>
                     {usageByModelLoading ? <LoadingTable /> : <UsageStatsTable rows={modelRows} />}
@@ -105,8 +106,8 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
 
             <Card>
                 <CardHeader>
-                    <CardTitle>Usage by Agent Type</CardTitle>
-                    <CardDescription>LLM token usage and costs grouped by agent type</CardDescription>
+                    <CardTitle>{uiT('Usage by Agent Type')}</CardTitle>
+                    <CardDescription>{uiT('LLM token usage and costs grouped by agent type')}</CardDescription>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent>
                     {usageByAgentTypeLoading ? <LoadingTable /> : <UsageStatsTable rows={agentTypeRows} />}
@@ -115,8 +116,8 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
 
             <Card>
                 <CardHeader>
-                    <CardTitle>Tool Calls by Function</CardTitle>
-                    <CardDescription>Execution statistics for each tool function</CardDescription>
+                    <CardTitle>{uiT('Tool Calls by Function')}</CardTitle>
+                    <CardDescription>{uiT('Execution statistics for each tool function')}</CardDescription>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent>
                     {toolcallsByFunctionLoading ? (
@@ -125,11 +126,15 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
                         <Table>
                             <TableHeader>
                                 <TableRow>
-                                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Function</TableHead>
-                                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Type</TableHead>
-                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Count</TableHead>
-                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Total Duration</TableHead>
-                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Avg Duration</TableHead>
+                                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Function')}</TableHead>
+                                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Type')}</TableHead>
+                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Count')}</TableHead>
+                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                        {uiT('Total Duration')}
+                                    </TableHead>
+                                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">
+                                        {uiT('Avg Duration')}
+                                    </TableHead>
                                 </TableRow>
                             </TableHeader>
                             <TableBody>
@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ export function DashboardOverview() {
                                         <TableCell className="font-medium">{item.functionName}</TableCell>
                                         <TableCell>
                                             <Badge variant={item.isAgent ? 'secondary' : 'outline'}>
-                                                {item.isAgent ? 'Agent' : 'Tool'}
+                                                {item.isAgent ? uiT('Agent') : uiT('Tool')}
                                             </Badge>
                                         </TableCell>
                                         <TableCell className="text-right">{formatNumber(item.totalCount)}</TableCell>
@@ -189,14 +194,14 @@ function UsageStatsTable({ rows }: { rows: Array<{ label: string; stats: UsageSt
         <Table>
             <TableHeader>
                 <TableRow>
-                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">Name</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Tokens In</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Tokens Out</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cache In</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cache Out</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cost In</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Cost Out</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">Total Cost</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Name')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Tokens In')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Tokens Out')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Cache In')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Cache Out')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Cost In')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Cost Out')}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead className="text-right whitespace-nowrap">{uiT('Total Cost')}</TableHead>
                 </TableRow>
             </TableHeader>
             <TableBody>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard.tsx
index 92d1cf41..5b7af5cc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/dashboard/dashboard.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { LayoutDashboard } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useState, useTransition } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
 import { Breadcrumb, BreadcrumbItem, BreadcrumbList, BreadcrumbPage } from '@/components/ui/breadcrumb';
 import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
@@ -11,10 +12,10 @@ import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { DashboardAnalytics } from '@/pages/dashboard/dashboard-analytics';
 import { DashboardOverview } from '@/pages/dashboard/dashboard-overview';
 
-const periodOptions: { label: string; value: UsageStatsPeriod }[] = [
-    { label: 'Week', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Week },
-    { label: 'Month', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Month },
-    { label: 'Quarter', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Quarter },
+const periodOptions: { labelKey: string; value: UsageStatsPeriod }[] = [
+    { labelKey: 'dashboard.week', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Week },
+    { labelKey: 'dashboard.month', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Month },
+    { labelKey: 'dashboard.quarter', value: UsageStatsPeriod.Quarter },
 ];
 
 const VALID_PERIODS = new Set<string>(Object.values(UsageStatsPeriod));
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ const savePeriod = (storageKey: string, value: UsageStatsPeriod): void => {
 };
 
 function Dashboard() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
     const { period: periodStorageKey } = usePageStorageKeys();
     const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState('analytics');
     const [period, setPeriod] = useState<UsageStatsPeriod>(() => loadPeriod(periodStorageKey));
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ function Dashboard() {
                         <BreadcrumbList>
                             <BreadcrumbItem>
                                 <LayoutDashboard className="size-4" />
-                                <BreadcrumbPage>Dashboard</BreadcrumbPage>
+                                <BreadcrumbPage>{t('dashboard.breadcrumb')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                             </BreadcrumbItem>
                         </BreadcrumbList>
                     </Breadcrumb>
@@ -100,8 +102,8 @@ function Dashboard() {
                 >
                     <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                         <TabsList>
-                            <TabsTrigger value="analytics">Analytics</TabsTrigger>
-                            <TabsTrigger value="overview">Overview</TabsTrigger>
+                            <TabsTrigger value="analytics">{t('dashboard.analytics')}</TabsTrigger>
+                            <TabsTrigger value="overview">{t('dashboard.overview')}</TabsTrigger>
                         </TabsList>
 
                         {activeTab === 'analytics' && (
@@ -110,22 +112,26 @@ function Dashboard() {
                                 value={period}
                             >
                                 <TabsList>
-                                    {periodOptions.map(({ label, value }) => (
-                                        <TabsTrigger
-                                            aria-label={label}
-                                            className="size-7 px-0 sm:size-auto sm:px-3"
-                                            key={value}
-                                            value={value}
-                                        >
-                                            <span
-                                                aria-hidden="true"
-                                                className="sm:hidden"
+                                    {periodOptions.map(({ labelKey, value }) => {
+                                        const label = t(labelKey);
+
+                                        return (
+                                            <TabsTrigger
+                                                aria-label={label}
+                                                className="size-7 px-0 sm:size-auto sm:px-3"
+                                                key={value}
+                                                value={value}
                                             >
-                                                {label[0]}
-                                            </span>
-                                            <span className="hidden sm:inline">{label}</span>
-                                        </TabsTrigger>
-                                    ))}
+                                                <span
+                                                    aria-hidden="true"
+                                                    className="sm:hidden"
+                                                >
+                                                    {label[0]}
+                                                </span>
+                                                <span className="hidden sm:inline">{label}</span>
+                                            </TabsTrigger>
+                                        );
+                                    })}
                                 </TabsList>
                             </Tabs>
                         )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow-report.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow-report.tsx
index af053fa9..9be78785 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow-report.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow-report.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useParams, useSearchParams } from 'react-router-dom';
 import Logo from '@/components/icons/logo';
 import Markdown from '@/components/shared/markdown';
 import { useFlowReportQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { generateFileName, generatePDFFromMarkdown, generateReport } from '@/lib/report';
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ function FlowReport() {
             })
             .catch((err) => {
                 Log.error('PDF generation failed:', err);
-                setPdfError('Failed to generate PDF');
+                setPdfError(uiT('Failed to generate PDF'));
                 setPdfPhase('error');
             });
     }, [dataReady, download, silent, reportContent, data]);
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ function FlowReport() {
         state = 'loading';
     } else if (queryError || !data?.flow) {
         state = 'error';
-        errorMessage = 'Failed to load flow data';
+        errorMessage = uiT('Failed to load flow data');
     } else if (pdfPhase === 'error') {
         state = 'error';
         errorMessage = pdfError;
@@ -97,13 +98,13 @@ function FlowReport() {
                     <Logo className="animate-logo-spin mb-8 size-16 text-white" />
                     <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 text-center">
                         <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
-                            {state === 'loading' ? 'Loading Report...' : 'Generating PDF...'}
+                            {state === 'loading' ? uiT('Loading Report...') : uiT('Generating PDF...')}
                         </h1>
                         <div className="mx-auto size-8 animate-spin rounded-full border-b-2 border-blue-600" />
                         <p className="max-w-md text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
                             {state === 'loading'
-                                ? 'Please wait while we prepare your penetration testing report.'
-                                : 'Creating your PDF document. This may take a few moments.'}
+                                ? uiT('Please wait while we prepare your penetration testing report.')
+                                : uiT('Creating your PDF document. This may take a few moments.')}
                         </p>
                     </div>
                 </div>
@@ -117,15 +118,17 @@ function FlowReport() {
                 <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center p-8">
                     <Logo className="mb-8 size-16" />
                     <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 text-center">
-                        <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">Error Loading Report</h1>
+                        <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">
+                            {uiT('Error Loading Report')}
+                        </h1>
                         <p className="max-w-md text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
-                            {errorMessage || 'An unexpected error occurred while loading the report.'}
+                            {errorMessage || uiT('An unexpected error occurred while loading the report.')}
                         </p>
                         <button
                             className="mt-4 rounded-md bg-red-600 px-4 py-2 text-white transition-colors hover:bg-red-700"
                             onClick={() => window.close()}
                         >
-                            Close
+                            {uiT('Close')}
                         </button>
                     </div>
                 </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow.tsx
index 0fa30046..301bd0a7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flow.tsx
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import { useFlowDetailNavigation } from '@/features/flows/use-flow-detail-naviga
 import { ResultType, StatusType, useRenameFlowMutation } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
 import { useFlowTabDetection } from '@/hooks/use-flow-tab-detection';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { copyToClipboard, downloadTextFile, generateFileName, generateReport } from '@/lib/report';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
@@ -141,11 +142,11 @@ function Flow() {
                 });
 
                 if (data?.renameFlow === ResultType.Success) {
-                    toast.success('Flow renamed successfully');
+                    toast.success(uiT('Flow renamed successfully'));
                     handleFlowRenameCancel();
                 }
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to rename flow';
+                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to rename flow');
                 toast.error(errorMessage);
             }
         });
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ function Flow() {
                                             inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                             onCancel={handleFlowRenameCancel}
                                             onSave={handleFlowRenameSave}
-                                            placeholder="Flow title"
+                                            placeholder={uiT('Flow title')}
                                         />
                                     ) : flow ? (
                                         <Tooltip>
@@ -244,14 +245,14 @@ function Flow() {
                                                     className="max-w-64 min-w-0 cursor-text truncate select-none"
                                                     onDoubleClick={handleFlowRenameStart}
                                                 >
-                                                    {flowTitle || 'Select a flow'}
+                                                    {flowTitle || uiT('Select a flow')}
                                                 </BreadcrumbPage>
                                             </TooltipTrigger>
-                                            <TooltipContent>Double-click to rename</TooltipContent>
+                                            <TooltipContent>{uiT('Double-click to rename')}</TooltipContent>
                                         </Tooltip>
                                     ) : (
                                         <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">
-                                            {flowTitle || 'Select a flow'}
+                                            {flowTitle || uiT('Select a flow')}
                                         </BreadcrumbPage>
                                     )}
                                 </BreadcrumbItem>
@@ -264,12 +265,12 @@ function Flow() {
                                 controller={flowNav}
                                 renderItem={renderFlowItem}
                                 sheetIcon={<GitFork className="size-4" />}
-                                sheetTitle="Flows"
+                                sheetTitle={uiT('Flows')}
                             />
                         )}
                         {flowId && !isMobile && (
                             <Button
-                                aria-label="Toggle favorite"
+                                aria-label={uiT('Toggle favorite')}
                                 aria-pressed={isFavoriteFlow(flowId)}
                                 className="shrink-0"
                                 onClick={() => toggleFavoriteFlow(flowId)}
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ function Flow() {
                             <DropdownMenu>
                                 <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                     <Button
-                                        aria-label="Flow actions"
+                                        aria-label={uiT('Flow actions')}
                                         className="size-8 p-0"
                                         variant="ghost"
                                     >
@@ -308,11 +309,11 @@ function Flow() {
                                                 onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                                             >
                                                 <GitFork className="size-4" />
-                                                Flows
+                                                {uiT('Flows')}
                                                 <div className="-my-1.5 -mr-2 ml-auto flex items-center">
                                                     <DetailNavigationButtons<FlowItem>
                                                         controller={flowNav}
-                                                        sheetTitle="Flows"
+                                                        sheetTitle={uiT('Flows')}
                                                         size="sm"
                                                     />
                                                 </div>
@@ -327,8 +328,8 @@ function Flow() {
                                                         }
                                                     />
                                                     {isFavoriteFlow(flowId)
-                                                        ? 'Remove from favorites'
-                                                        : 'Add to favorites'}
+                                                        ? uiT('Remove from favorites')
+                                                        : uiT('Add to favorites')}
                                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                             )}
                                             <DropdownMenuSeparator />
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ function Flow() {
                                     )}
                                     <DropdownMenuItem onClick={handleFlowRenameStart}>
                                         <PencilLine className="size-3" />
-                                        Rename
+                                        {uiT('Rename')}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
                                     {isFlowRunning && (
                                         <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -346,12 +347,12 @@ function Flow() {
                                             {isFinishing ? (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Loader2 className="animate-spin" />
-                                                    Finishing...
+                                                    {uiT('Finishing...')}
                                                 </>
                                             ) : (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Pause />
-                                                    Finish
+                                                    {uiT('Finish')}
                                                 </>
                                             )}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -364,12 +365,12 @@ function Flow() {
                                         {isDeleting ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                                Deleting...
+                                                {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                                Delete
+                                                {uiT('Delete')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ function Flow() {
                     controller={flowNav}
                     renderItem={renderFlowItem}
                     sheetIcon={<GitFork className="size-4" />}
-                    sheetTitle="Flows"
+                    sheetTitle={uiT('Flows')}
                 />
             )}
             <div className="relative flex h-[calc(100dvh-3rem)] w-full max-w-full flex-1">
@@ -423,8 +424,8 @@ function Flow() {
                 )}
             </div>
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={handleFlowDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
@@ -451,10 +452,10 @@ function FlowReportDropdown() {
         const success = await copyToClipboard(reportContent);
 
         if (success) {
-            toast.success('Report copied to clipboard');
+            toast.success(uiT('Report copied to clipboard'));
         } else {
             Log.error('Failed to copy report to clipboard');
-            toast.error('Failed to copy report to clipboard');
+            toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy report to clipboard'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ function FlowReportDropdown() {
                     disabled={isReportDisabled}
                     endIcon={<ChevronDown className="opacity-50" />}
                     icon={<NotepadText />}
-                    label="Report"
+                    label={uiT('Report')}
                     variant="ghost"
                 />
             </DropdownMenuTrigger>
@@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ function FlowReportDropdown() {
                     onClick={handleOpenWebView}
                 >
                     <ExternalLink className="size-4" />
-                    Open web view
+                    {uiT('Open web view')}
                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                 <DropdownMenuItem
                     className="flex items-center gap-2"
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flows.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flows.tsx
index 8deee970..33e23582 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/flows/flows.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/flows/flows.tsx
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import { Toggle } from '@/components/ui/toggle';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { ResultType, StatusType, type TerminalFragmentFragment, useRenameFlowMutation } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useTableState } from '@/hooks/use-table-state';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { mergeHrefWithSearchParams } from '@/lib/url-params';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 import { useFavorites } from '@/providers/favorites-provider';
@@ -40,23 +41,23 @@ const statusConfig: Record<
     { label: string; variant: 'default' | 'destructive' | 'outline' | 'secondary' }
 > = {
     [StatusType.Created]: {
-        label: 'Created',
+        label: uiT('Created'),
         variant: 'outline',
     },
     [StatusType.Failed]: {
-        label: 'Failed',
+        label: uiT('Failed'),
         variant: 'destructive',
     },
     [StatusType.Finished]: {
-        label: 'Finished',
+        label: uiT('Finished'),
         variant: 'secondary',
     },
     [StatusType.Running]: {
-        label: 'Running',
+        label: uiT('Running'),
         variant: 'default',
     },
     [StatusType.Waiting]: {
-        label: 'Waiting',
+        label: uiT('Waiting'),
         variant: 'outline',
     },
 };
@@ -131,11 +132,11 @@ function Flows() {
             });
 
             if (data?.renameFlow === ResultType.Success) {
-                toast.success('Flow renamed successfully');
+                toast.success(uiT('Flow renamed successfully'));
                 setEditingFlowId(null);
             }
         } catch (error) {
-            const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to rename flow';
+            const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to rename flow');
             toast.error(errorMessage);
         }
     }, [editingFlowId, renameFlowMutation]);
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="ID"
+                        title={uiT('ID')}
                     />
                 ),
                 maxSize: 80,
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ function Flows() {
                                     inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                     onCancel={handleFlowRenameCancel}
                                     onSave={handleFlowRenameSave}
-                                    placeholder="Flow title"
+                                    placeholder={uiT('Flow title')}
                                 />
                             </div>
                         );
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Title"
+                        title={uiT('Title')}
                     />
                 ),
                 meta: { searchable: true },
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Status"
+                        title={uiT('Status')}
                     />
                 ),
                 maxSize: 130,
@@ -258,14 +259,14 @@ function Flows() {
                                 className="size-4"
                                 provider={flow.provider}
                             />
-                            <span className="text-sm">{flow.provider?.name || 'N/A'}</span>
+                            <span className="text-sm">{flow.provider?.name || uiT('N/A')}</span>
                         </div>
                     );
                 },
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Provider"
+                        title={uiT('Provider')}
                     />
                 ),
                 id: 'provider',
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ function Flows() {
                     const terminals = flow.terminals || [];
 
                     if (terminals.length === 0) {
-                        return <span className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">No terminals</span>;
+                        return <span className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{uiT('No terminals')}</span>;
                     }
 
                     const isAnyConnected = terminals.some((t: TerminalFragmentFragment) => t.connected);
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Terminals"
+                        title={uiT('Terminals')}
                     />
                 ),
                 id: 'terminals',
@@ -355,11 +356,11 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Created"
+                        title={uiT('Created')}
                     />
                 ),
                 maxSize: 140,
-                meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Created' },
+                meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Created') },
                 minSize: 100,
                 size: 120,
                 sortingFn: (rowA, rowB) => {
@@ -379,11 +380,11 @@ function Flows() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Updated"
+                        title={uiT('Updated')}
                     />
                 ),
                 maxSize: 140,
-                meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Updated' },
+                meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Updated') },
                 minSize: 100,
                 size: 120,
                 sortingFn: (rowA, rowB) => {
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ function Flows() {
                     return (
                         <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-1 opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100">
                             <Toggle
-                                aria-label="Toggle favorite"
+                                aria-label={uiT('Toggle favorite')}
                                 className="border-none data-[state=on]:bg-transparent data-[state=on]:*:[svg]:fill-yellow-500 data-[state=on]:*:[svg]:stroke-yellow-500"
                                 onClick={async (event) => {
                                     event.stopPropagation();
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ function Flows() {
                             <DropdownMenu>
                                 <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                     <Button
-                                        aria-label="Open menu"
+                                        aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                         className="size-8 p-0"
                                         onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
                                         variant="ghost"
@@ -431,11 +432,11 @@ function Flows() {
                                 >
                                     <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleFlowOpen(flow.id)}>
                                         <Eye />
-                                        View
+                                        {uiT('View')}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
                                     <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleFlowRenameStart(flow)}>
                                         <PencilLine className="size-3" />
-                                        Rename
+                                        {uiT('Rename')}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
                                     {isRunning && (
                                         <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -445,12 +446,12 @@ function Flows() {
                                             {finishingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Loader2 className="animate-spin" />
-                                                    Finishing...
+                                                    {uiT('Finishing...')}
                                                 </>
                                             ) : (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Pause />
-                                                    Finish
+                                                    {uiT('Finish')}
                                                 </>
                                             )}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -463,12 +464,12 @@ function Flows() {
                                         {deletingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                                Deleting...
+                                                {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                                Delete
+                                                {uiT('Delete')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -510,16 +511,16 @@ function Flows() {
                 <>
                     <ContextMenuItem onClick={async () => toggleFavoriteFlow(flow.id)}>
                         <Star />
-                        {isFavoriteFlow(flow.id) ? 'Remove from favorites' : 'Add to favorites'}
+                        {isFavoriteFlow(flow.id) ? uiT('Remove from favorites') : uiT('Add to favorites')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                     <ContextMenuSeparator />
                     <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleFlowOpen(flow.id)}>
                         <Eye />
-                        View
+                        {uiT('View')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                     <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleFlowRenameStart(flow)}>
                         <Pencil />
-                        Rename
+                        {uiT('Rename')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
 
                     {isRunning && (
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ function Flows() {
                             onClick={() => handleFlowFinish(flow)}
                         >
                             <Pause />
-                            {finishingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? 'Finishing...' : 'Finish'}
+                            {finishingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? uiT('Finishing...') : uiT('Finish')}
                         </ContextMenuItem>
                     )}
                     <ContextMenuSeparator />
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ function Flows() {
                         onClick={() => handleFlowDeleteDialogOpen(flow)}
                     >
                         <Trash />
-                        {deletingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                        {deletingFlowIds.has(flow.id) ? uiT('Deleting...') : uiT('Delete')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 </>
             );
@@ -575,7 +576,7 @@ function Flows() {
                     <BreadcrumbList className="min-w-0 flex-nowrap">
                         <BreadcrumbItem className="min-w-0">
                             <GitFork className="size-4 shrink-0" />
-                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">Flows</BreadcrumbPage>
+                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">{uiT('Flows')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                         </BreadcrumbItem>
                     </BreadcrumbList>
                 </Breadcrumb>
@@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ function Flows() {
             <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 px-4">
                 <HeaderButton
                     icon={<Plus />}
-                    label="New Flow"
+                    label={uiT('New Flow')}
                     onClick={() => navigate('/flows/new')}
                     variant="secondary"
                 />
@@ -597,9 +598,9 @@ function Flows() {
                 {pageHeader}
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 p-4">
                     <StatusCard
-                        description="Please wait while we fetch your conversation flows"
+                        description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch your conversation flows')}
                         icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                        title="Loading flows..."
+                        title={uiT('Loading flows...')}
                     />
                 </div>
             </>
@@ -618,12 +619,12 @@ function Flows() {
                                 variant="secondary"
                             >
                                 <Plus />
-                                New Flow
+                                {uiT('New Flow')}
                             </Button>
                         }
-                        description="Get started by creating your first conversation flow"
+                        description={uiT('Get started by creating your first conversation flow')}
                         icon={<GitFork className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                        title="No flows found"
+                        title={uiT('No flows found')}
                     />
                 </div>
             </>
@@ -638,7 +639,7 @@ function Flows() {
                     columns={columns}
                     data={flows}
                     empty={{ entityName: 'flows' }}
-                    filterPlaceholder="Filter flows..."
+                    filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter flows...')}
                     filterValue={filter}
                     onFilterChange={setFilter}
                     onPageChange={handlePageChange}
@@ -648,8 +649,8 @@ function Flows() {
                 />
 
                 <ConfirmationDialog
-                    cancelText="Cancel"
-                    confirmText="Delete"
+                    cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                    confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                     handleConfirm={handleFlowDelete}
                     handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                     isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/flows/new-flow.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/flows/new-flow.tsx
index b8d1de28..45d803b4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/flows/new-flow.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/flows/new-flow.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
 import { SidebarTrigger } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { Tabs, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { FlowForm, type FlowFormValues } from '@/features/flows/flow-form';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useFlows } from '@/providers/flows-provider';
 import { useProviders } from '@/providers/providers-provider';
 import { useSystemSettings } from '@/providers/system-settings-provider';
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ function NewFlow() {
                 <Breadcrumb className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                     <BreadcrumbList className="min-w-0 flex-nowrap">
                         <BreadcrumbItem className="min-w-0">
-                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">New flow</BreadcrumbPage>
+                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">{uiT('New flow')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                         </BreadcrumbItem>
                     </BreadcrumbList>
                 </Breadcrumb>
@@ -63,8 +64,10 @@ function NewFlow() {
                 <Card className="w-full max-w-2xl">
                     <CardContent className="flex flex-col gap-4 pt-6">
                         <div className="text-center">
-                            <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold">Create a new flow</h1>
-                            <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-2">Describe what you would like PentAGI to test</p>
+                            <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold">{uiT('Create a new flow')}</h1>
+                            <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-2">
+                                {uiT('Describe what you would like PentAGI to test')}
+                            </p>
                         </div>
                         <Tabs
                             onValueChange={(value) => setFlowType(value as 'assistant' | 'automation')}
@@ -75,13 +78,13 @@ function NewFlow() {
                                     disabled={isLoading}
                                     value="automation"
                                 >
-                                    Automation
+                                    {uiT('Automation')}
                                 </TabsTrigger>
                                 <TabsTrigger
                                     disabled={isLoading}
                                     value="assistant"
                                 >
-                                    Assistant
+                                    {uiT('Assistant')}
                                 </TabsTrigger>
                             </TabsList>
                         </Tabs>
@@ -95,9 +98,9 @@ function NewFlow() {
                             placeholder={
                                 !isLoading
                                     ? flowType === 'automation'
-                                        ? 'Describe what you would like PentAGI to test...'
-                                        : 'What would you like me to help you with?'
-                                    : 'Creating a new flow...'
+                                        ? uiT('Describe what you would like PentAGI to test...')
+                                        : uiT('What would you like me to help you with?')
+                                    : uiT('Creating a new flow...')
                             }
                             type={flowType}
                         />
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledge.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledge.tsx
index 35f3b1fe..b2512409 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledge.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledge.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
 } from '@/features/knowledges/knowledge-form';
 import { KnowledgeLayout } from '@/features/knowledges/knowledge-layout';
 import { useKnowledgeDocumentQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useKnowledges } from '@/providers/knowledges-provider';
 
 function Knowledge() {
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ function Knowledge() {
 
     useEffect(() => {
         if (!isNew && !isLoadingKnowledge && !knowledge) {
-            toast.error('Knowledge document not found');
+            toast.error(uiT('Knowledge document not found'));
             navigate('/knowledges', { replace: true });
         }
     }, [isNew, isLoadingKnowledge, knowledge, navigate]);
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledges.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledges.tsx
index a85e38fe..e5b56e35 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledges.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/knowledges/knowledges.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { SidebarTrigger } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { StatusCard } from '@/components/ui/status-card';
 import { KnowledgeDocType } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useTableState } from '@/hooks/use-table-state';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { mergeHrefWithSearchParams, URL_PARAMS } from '@/lib/url-params';
 import { type Knowledge, useKnowledges } from '@/providers/knowledges-provider';
 
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                 content: knowledge.content,
                 question: newQuestion,
             });
-            toast.success('Knowledge renamed successfully');
+            toast.success(uiT('Knowledge renamed successfully'));
             setEditingKnowledgeId(null);
         } catch {
             // Error already handled in provider with toast
@@ -207,11 +208,11 @@ function Knowledges() {
             header: ({ column }) => (
                 <DataTableColumnHeader
                     column={column}
-                    title="Type"
+                    title={uiT('Type')}
                 />
             ),
             maxSize: 180,
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Type', searchable: true },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Type'), searchable: true },
             minSize: 110,
             size: 130,
         },
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                                 inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                 onCancel={handleKnowledgeRenameCancel}
                                 onSave={handleKnowledgeRenameSave}
-                                placeholder="Knowledge question"
+                                placeholder={uiT('Knowledge question')}
                             />
                         </div>
                     );
@@ -250,10 +251,10 @@ function Knowledges() {
             header: ({ column }) => (
                 <DataTableColumnHeader
                     column={column}
-                    title="Question"
+                    title={uiT('Question')}
                 />
             ),
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Question', searchable: true },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Question'), searchable: true },
             minSize: 180,
             size: 280,
         },
@@ -273,10 +274,12 @@ function Knowledges() {
             },
             enableSorting: false,
             header: () => (
-                <span className="text-muted-foreground inline-flex items-center text-sm font-medium">Preview</span>
+                <span className="text-muted-foreground inline-flex items-center text-sm font-medium">
+                    {uiT('Preview')}
+                </span>
             ),
             maxSize: 800,
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Preview', searchable: true },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Preview'), searchable: true },
             minSize: 160,
             size: 380,
         },
@@ -306,12 +309,12 @@ function Knowledges() {
             enableSorting: false,
             header: () => (
                 <span className="text-muted-foreground inline-flex w-full items-center justify-end text-sm font-medium">
-                    Flags
+                    {uiT('Flags')}
                 </span>
             ),
             id: 'flags',
             maxSize: 200,
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Flags' },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Flags') },
             minSize: 110,
             size: 150,
         },
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Open menu"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
                                     variant="ghost"
@@ -343,7 +346,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleKnowledgeRenameStart(k)}>
                                     <PencilLine />
-                                    Rename
+                                    {uiT('Rename')}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                 <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -353,12 +356,12 @@ function Knowledges() {
                                     {deletingIds.has(k.id) ? (
                                         <>
                                             <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                            Deleting...
+                                            {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                         </>
                                     ) : (
                                         <>
                                             <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                            Delete
+                                            {uiT('Delete')}
                                         </>
                                     )}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
             </ContextMenuItem>
             <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleKnowledgeRenameStart(k)}>
                 <PencilLine />
-                Rename
+                {uiT('Rename')}
             </ContextMenuItem>
             <ContextMenuSeparator />
             <ContextMenuItem
@@ -393,7 +396,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                 onClick={() => handleDeleteDialogOpen(k)}
             >
                 <Trash />
-                {deletingIds.has(k.id) ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                {deletingIds.has(k.id) ? uiT('Deleting...') : uiT('Delete')}
             </ContextMenuItem>
         </>
     );
@@ -410,14 +413,14 @@ function Knowledges() {
                     <BreadcrumbList className="min-w-0 flex-nowrap">
                         <BreadcrumbItem className="min-w-0">
                             <LibraryBig className="size-4 shrink-0" />
-                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">Knowledges</BreadcrumbPage>
+                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">{uiT('Knowledges')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                         </BreadcrumbItem>
                     </BreadcrumbList>
                 </Breadcrumb>
             </div>
             <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 px-4">
                 <InputSearch
-                    ariaLabel="Search knowledge documents"
+                    ariaLabel={uiT('Search knowledge documents')}
                     // Use Mod+K — Mod+F is reserved as the page-wide default
                     // because we don't want to conflict with the browser's
                     // own find-in-page on every screen, but this list is one
@@ -425,12 +428,12 @@ function Knowledges() {
                     hotkey="k"
                     maxWidth={220}
                     onSearchChange={handleSemanticQueryChange}
-                    placeholder="Semantic search..."
+                    placeholder={uiT('Semantic search...')}
                     searchQuery={semanticQuery}
                 />
                 <HeaderButton
                     icon={<Plus />}
-                    label="New Knowledge"
+                    label={uiT('New Knowledge')}
                     onClick={() => navigate('/knowledges/new')}
                     variant="secondary"
                 />
@@ -444,9 +447,9 @@ function Knowledges() {
                 {pageHeader}
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 p-4">
                     <StatusCard
-                        description="Please wait while we fetch your knowledge documents"
+                        description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch your knowledge documents')}
                         icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                        title="Loading knowledges..."
+                        title={uiT('Loading knowledges...')}
                     />
                 </div>
             </>
@@ -465,12 +468,12 @@ function Knowledges() {
                                 variant="secondary"
                             >
                                 <Plus />
-                                New Knowledge
+                                {uiT('New Knowledge')}
                             </Button>
                         }
-                        description="Create your first knowledge document to enrich the vector store"
+                        description={uiT('Create your first knowledge document to enrich the vector store')}
                         icon={<LibraryBig className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                        title="No knowledge documents yet"
+                        title={uiT('No knowledge documents yet')}
                     />
                 </div>
             </>
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ function Knowledges() {
                     columns={columns}
                     data={knowledges}
                     empty={{ entityName: 'knowledge documents' }}
-                    filterPlaceholder="Filter knowledge documents..."
+                    filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter knowledge documents...')}
                     filterValue={filter}
                     onFilterChange={setFilter}
                     onRowClick={(k) => {
@@ -497,8 +500,8 @@ function Knowledges() {
                 />
 
                 <ConfirmationDialog
-                    cancelText="Cancel"
-                    confirmText="Delete"
+                    cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                    confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                     handleConfirm={handleDelete}
                     handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                     isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/login.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/login.tsx
index 3a16cc24..3618531c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/login.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/login.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useLocation, useSearchParams } from 'react-router-dom';
 
 import Logo from '@/components/icons/logo';
+import { LanguageToggle } from '@/components/shared/language-toggle';
 import LoginForm from '@/features/authentication/login-form';
 import { getSafeReturnUrl } from '@/lib/utils/auth';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ function Login() {
     const returnUrl = getSafeReturnUrl((location.state?.from as string) || searchParams.get('returnUrl'), '/flows/new');
 
     return (
-        <div className="flex h-dvh w-full items-center justify-center">
+        <div className="relative flex h-dvh w-full items-center justify-center">
+            <LanguageToggle className="absolute top-4 right-4 z-10" />
             <div className="h-dvh w-full lg:grid lg:grid-cols-2">
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-center px-4 py-12">
                     {!isLoading ? (
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/oauth-result.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/oauth-result.tsx
index 4e081c06..63052725 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/oauth-result.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/oauth-result.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 
 import Logo from '@/components/icons/logo';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 function OAuthResult() {
-    const [statusMessage, setStatusMessage] = useState('Authentication in progress...');
+    const [statusMessage, setStatusMessage] = useState(uiT('Authentication in progress...'));
     const messageRef = useRef(statusMessage);
     const prevMessageRef = useRef(statusMessage);
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ function OAuthResult() {
                     window.location.origin,
                 );
 
-                updateMessage('Authentication complete, closing window...');
+                updateMessage(uiT('Authentication complete, closing window...'));
                 handleClose(successDelay);
             } catch (e) {
                 console.error('Failed to send message to opener:', e);
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/resources/resources.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/resources/resources.tsx
index 3a44368e..ff324907 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/resources/resources.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/resources/resources.tsx
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ import { useResourcesUpload } from '@/features/resources/use-resources-upload';
 import { useEffectAfterMount } from '@/hooks/use-effect-after-mount';
 import { useFilesDragAndDrop } from '@/hooks/use-files-drag-and-drop';
 import { usePageStorageKeys } from '@/hooks/use-page-storage-keys';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { copyToClipboard } from '@/lib/report';
 import { migrateLegacyViewOptions, saveViewOptions } from '@/lib/view-options-storage';
 import { useResources } from '@/providers/resources-provider';
@@ -232,12 +233,12 @@ function Resources() {
         const wasCopied = await copyToClipboard(file.path);
 
         if (wasCopied) {
-            toast.success('Path copied to clipboard');
+            toast.success(uiT('Path copied to clipboard'));
 
             return;
         }
 
-        toast.error('Failed to copy path');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy path'));
     }, []);
 
     /**
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ function Resources() {
             return;
         }
 
-        toast.error('Failed to copy paths');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy paths'));
     }, []);
 
     /**
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ function Resources() {
                 appliesToFiles: false,
                 icon: FolderPlus,
                 id: 'resources-mkdir-here',
-                label: 'New folder',
+                label: uiT('New folder'),
                 onSelect: handleMkdirHere,
                 separatorBefore: true,
             },
@@ -325,14 +326,14 @@ function Resources() {
                 appliesToFiles: false,
                 icon: Upload,
                 id: 'resources-upload-here',
-                label: 'Upload files',
+                label: uiT('Upload files'),
                 onSelect: handleUploadHere,
             },
             {
                 appliesToDirs: true,
                 icon: FileSymlink,
                 id: 'resources-rename',
-                label: 'Rename or move',
+                label: uiT('Rename or move'),
                 onSelect: (file) => setFilesToMove([file]),
                 separatorBefore: true,
             },
@@ -370,13 +371,13 @@ function Resources() {
             {
                 icon: FolderPlus,
                 id: 'resources-empty-mkdir',
-                label: 'New folder',
+                label: uiT('New folder'),
                 onSelect: () => setIsMkdirOpen(true),
             },
             {
                 icon: Upload,
                 id: 'resources-empty-upload',
-                label: 'Upload files',
+                label: uiT('Upload files'),
                 onSelect: upload.openFilePicker,
             },
         ],
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ function Resources() {
                     <BreadcrumbList className="min-w-0 flex-nowrap">
                         <BreadcrumbItem className="min-w-0">
                             <Folder className="size-4 shrink-0" />
-                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">Resources</BreadcrumbPage>
+                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">{uiT('Resources')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                         </BreadcrumbItem>
                     </BreadcrumbList>
                 </Breadcrumb>
@@ -413,15 +414,15 @@ function Resources() {
                 <HeaderButton
                     disabled={upload.isUploading}
                     icon={<FolderPlus />}
-                    label="New folder"
+                    label={uiT('New folder')}
                     onClick={() => setIsMkdirOpen(true)}
                     variant="outline"
                 />
                 <HeaderButton
-                    aria-label={upload.isUploading ? 'Uploading...' : 'Upload files'}
+                    aria-label={upload.isUploading ? uiT('Uploading...') : uiT('Upload files')}
                     disabled={upload.isUploading}
                     icon={upload.isUploading ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : <Upload />}
-                    label={upload.isUploading ? 'Uploading...' : 'Upload files'}
+                    label={upload.isUploading ? uiT('Uploading...') : uiT('Upload files')}
                     onClick={upload.openFilePicker}
                     variant="secondary"
                 />
@@ -433,13 +434,13 @@ function Resources() {
 
     const noResourcesState = (
         <FileDropZone
-            actionLabel="Upload files"
+            actionLabel={uiT('Upload files')}
             description="Upload documents so PentAGI agents can reference them during your flows. You can also drag & drop files anywhere in this panel."
             hint="Up to 300 MB per file · 2 GB per upload"
             isDragging={isDragging}
             isUploading={upload.isUploading}
             onBrowse={upload.openFilePicker}
-            title="No resources yet"
+            title={uiT('No resources yet')}
         />
     );
 
@@ -449,9 +450,9 @@ function Resources() {
                 <EmptyMedia variant="icon">
                     <Search />
                 </EmptyMedia>
-                <EmptyTitle>No matches</EmptyTitle>
+                <EmptyTitle>{uiT('No matches')}</EmptyTitle>
                 <EmptyDescription>
-                    No resources match <code>{search.debouncedQuery.trim()}</code>. Try a different query.
+                    {uiT('No resources match')} <code>{search.debouncedQuery.trim()}</code>. Try a different query.
                 </EmptyDescription>
             </EmptyHeader>
         </Empty>
@@ -479,7 +480,7 @@ function Resources() {
                     <div className="bg-primary/10 border-primary pointer-events-none absolute inset-2 z-30 flex items-center justify-center rounded-lg border-2 border-dashed">
                         <div className="text-primary flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
                             <FolderUp className="size-8" />
-                            <span className="text-sm font-medium">Drop files to upload</span>
+                            <span className="text-sm font-medium">{uiT('Drop files to upload')}</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 )}
@@ -487,10 +488,10 @@ function Resources() {
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                     <InputGroup className="max-w-sm flex-1">
                         <InputGroupInput
-                            aria-label="Search resources"
+                            aria-label={uiT('Search resources')}
                             autoComplete="off"
                             onChange={(event) => search.setQuery(event.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="Search resources..."
+                            placeholder={uiT('Search resources...')}
                             type="text"
                             value={search.rawQuery}
                         />
@@ -508,7 +509,7 @@ function Resources() {
                     <DropdownMenu>
                         <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                             <Button
-                                aria-label="Column settings"
+                                aria-label={uiT('Column settings')}
                                 className="ml-auto"
                                 size="icon"
                                 variant="outline"
@@ -522,14 +523,14 @@ function Resources() {
                                 onCheckedChange={() => toggleViewOption('size')}
                                 onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                             >
-                                Size
+                                {uiT('Size')}
                             </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                             <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
                                 checked={viewOptions.modified}
                                 onCheckedChange={() => toggleViewOption('modified')}
                                 onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                             >
-                                Modified
+                                {uiT('Modified')}
                             </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                             <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                             <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ function Resources() {
                                 onCheckedChange={() => toggleViewOption('foldersFirst')}
                                 onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                             >
-                                Folders first
+                                {uiT('Folders first')}
                             </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                             <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
                                 checked={viewOptions.isModifiedRelative}
@@ -545,7 +546,7 @@ function Resources() {
                                 onCheckedChange={() => toggleViewOption('isModifiedRelative')}
                                 onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                             >
-                                Relative dates
+                                {uiT('Relative dates')}
                             </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                         </DropdownMenuContent>
                     </DropdownMenu>
@@ -594,13 +595,13 @@ function Resources() {
                 />
 
                 <ConfirmationDialog
-                    confirmText="Delete"
+                    confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                     handleConfirm={deletion.confirmDelete}
                     handleOpenChange={handleDeleteDialogOpenChange}
                     isOpen={!!deletion.fileToDelete}
                     itemName={deletion.fileToDelete?.name}
                     itemType={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? 'directory' : 'resource'}
-                    title={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? 'Delete directory' : 'Delete resource'}
+                    title={deletion.fileToDelete?.isDir ? uiT('Delete directory') : uiT('Delete resource')}
                 />
             </div>
         </>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-api-tokens.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-api-tokens.tsx
index 4653a2c7..8286dc3c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-api-tokens.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-api-tokens.tsx
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ import {
     useUpdateApiTokenMutation,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useTableState } from '@/hooks/use-table-state';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 import { baseUrl } from '@/models/api';
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ const createTokenFormSchema = z.object({
     expiresAt: z
         .date()
         .nullable()
-        .refine((value) => value !== null, { message: 'Expiration date is required' }),
+        .refine((value) => value !== null, { message: uiT('Expiration date is required') }),
     name: tokenNameSchema,
 });
 
@@ -111,11 +112,11 @@ const getStatusDisplay = (
     }
 
     if (token.status === 'active') {
-        return { label: 'active', variant: 'default' };
+        return { label: uiT('active'), variant: 'default' };
     }
 
     if (token.status === 'revoked') {
-        return { label: 'revoked', variant: 'outline' };
+        return { label: uiT('revoked'), variant: 'outline' };
     }
 
     return { label: token.status, variant: 'secondary' };
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokensHeader({ onCreateClick }: { onCreateClick: () => void
     return (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
             <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col gap-2">
-                <p className="text-muted-foreground truncate">Manage API tokens for programmatic access</p>
+                <p className="text-muted-foreground truncate">{uiT('Manage API tokens for programmatic access')}</p>
                 <div className="flex gap-4 text-sm">
                     <a
                         className="text-primary inline-flex items-center gap-1 underline hover:no-underline"
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ function CreateRowActions({
                 {isLoading ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : <Check />}
             </Button>
             <Button
-                aria-label="Cancel"
+                aria-label={uiT('Cancel')}
                 className="shrink-0"
                 onClick={onCancel}
                 size="icon-sm"
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ function EditRowActions({
                 {isLoading ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : <Check />}
             </Button>
             <Button
-                aria-label="Cancel"
+                aria-label={uiT('Cancel')}
                 className="shrink-0"
                 onClick={onCancel}
                 size="icon-sm"
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 setDeletingToken(null);
                 setDeleteErrorMessage(null);
             } catch (error) {
-                setDeleteErrorMessage(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while deleting');
+                setDeleteErrorMessage(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while deleting'));
             }
         },
         [deleteAPIToken],
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
         const success = await copyToClipboard(tokenId);
 
         if (success) {
-            toast.success('Token ID copied to clipboard');
+            toast.success(uiT('Token ID copied to clipboard'));
 
             return;
         }
 
-        toast.error('Failed to copy token ID to clipboard');
+        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy token ID to clipboard'));
     }, []);
 
     const columns: ColumnDef<APIToken>[] = useMemo(
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                         autoFocus
                                         className="h-8"
                                         id={createNameFieldId}
-                                        placeholder="Token name (optional)"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Token name (optional)')}
                                     />
                                 )}
                             />
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                         autoFocus
                                         className="h-8"
                                         id={editNameFieldId}
-                                        placeholder="Token name (optional)"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Token name (optional)')}
                                     />
                                 )}
                             />
@@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Name"
+                        title={uiT('Name')}
                     />
                 ),
                 meta: { searchable: true },
@@ -525,7 +526,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                     const isCreating = token.id === 'create-new';
 
                     if (isCreating) {
-                        return <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">N/A</div>;
+                        return <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{uiT('N/A')}</div>;
                     }
 
                     const tokenId = row.getValue('tokenId') as string;
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <code className="text-sm">{tokenId}</code>
                             <Button
-                                aria-label="Copy token ID"
+                                aria-label={uiT('Copy token ID')}
                                 className="size-6 p-0"
                                 onClick={() => handleCopyTokenId(tokenId)}
                                 variant="ghost"
@@ -548,10 +549,10 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Token ID"
+                        title={uiT('Token ID')}
                     />
                 ),
-                meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Token ID', searchable: true },
+                meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Token ID'), searchable: true },
                 size: 200,
             },
             {
@@ -561,7 +562,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                     const isCreating = token.id === 'create-new';
 
                     if (isCreating) {
-                        return <Badge variant="default">active</Badge>;
+                        return <Badge variant="default">{uiT('active')}</Badge>;
                     }
 
                     const isEditing = editingTokenId === token.tokenId;
@@ -587,8 +588,10 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                         </SelectTrigger>
                                         <SelectContent>
                                             <SelectGroup>
-                                                <SelectItem value={TokenStatusEnum.Active}>active</SelectItem>
-                                                <SelectItem value={TokenStatusEnum.Revoked}>revoked</SelectItem>
+                                                <SelectItem value={TokenStatusEnum.Active}>{uiT('active')}</SelectItem>
+                                                <SelectItem value={TokenStatusEnum.Revoked}>
+                                                    {uiT('revoked')}
+                                                </SelectItem>
                                             </SelectGroup>
                                         </SelectContent>
                                     </Select>
@@ -602,7 +605,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Status"
+                        title={uiT('Status')}
                     />
                 ),
                 meta: { searchable: true },
@@ -638,7 +641,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                                 {field.value ? (
                                                     format(field.value, 'd MMM yyyy', { locale: enUS })
                                                 ) : (
-                                                    <span>Pick date</span>
+                                                    <span>{uiT('Pick date')}</span>
                                                 )}
                                             </Button>
                                         </PopoverTrigger>
@@ -667,7 +670,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Expires"
+                        title={uiT('Expires')}
                     />
                 ),
                 size: 150,
@@ -685,7 +688,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                     const isCreating = token.id === 'create-new';
 
                     if (isCreating) {
-                        return <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">N/A</div>;
+                        return <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{uiT('N/A')}</div>;
                     }
 
                     const dateString = row.getValue('createdAt') as string;
@@ -695,10 +698,10 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Created"
+                        title={uiT('Created')}
                     />
                 ),
-                meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Created' },
+                meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Created') },
                 size: 120,
                 sortingFn: (rowA, rowB) => {
                     const dateA = new Date(rowA.getValue('createdAt') as string);
@@ -740,7 +743,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                             <DropdownMenu>
                                 <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                     <Button
-                                        aria-label="Open menu"
+                                        aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                         className="shrink-0"
                                         size="icon-sm"
                                         variant="ghost"
@@ -768,12 +771,12 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                         {isDeleteLoading && deletingToken?.tokenId === token.tokenId ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="animate-spin" />
-                                                Deleting...
+                                                {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <Trash />
-                                                Delete
+                                                {uiT('Delete')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -831,7 +834,9 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                         onClick={() => handleDeleteDialogOpen(token)}
                     >
                         <Trash />
-                        {isDeleteLoading && deletingToken?.tokenId === token.tokenId ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                        {isDeleteLoading && deletingToken?.tokenId === token.tokenId
+                            ? uiT('Deleting...')
+                            : uiT('Delete')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 </>
             );
@@ -844,9 +849,9 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
             <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
                 <SettingsAPITokensHeader onCreateClick={handleCreateNew} />
                 <StatusCard
-                    description="Please wait while we fetch your API tokens"
+                    description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch your API tokens')}
                     icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                    title="Loading tokens..."
+                    title={uiT('Loading tokens...')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -858,7 +863,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 <SettingsAPITokensHeader onCreateClick={handleCreateNew} />
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error loading tokens</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error loading tokens')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>{error.message}</AlertDescription>
                 </Alert>
             </div>
@@ -881,9 +886,9 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                             Create Token
                         </Button>
                     }
-                    description="Create your first API token to access PentAGI programmatically"
+                    description={uiT('Create your first API token to access PentAGI programmatically')}
                     icon={<Key className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                    title="No API tokens configured"
+                    title={uiT('No API tokens configured')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -896,7 +901,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
             {(createError || updateError || deleteError || deleteErrorMessage) && (
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>
                         {createError?.message || updateError?.message || deleteError?.message || deleteErrorMessage}
                     </AlertDescription>
@@ -907,7 +912,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                 columns={columns}
                 data={creatingToken ? [createNewTokenPlaceholder, ...tokens] : tokens}
                 empty={{ entityName: 'API tokens' }}
-                filterPlaceholder="Filter tokens..."
+                filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter tokens...')}
                 filterValue={filter}
                 onFilterChange={setFilter}
                 onPageChange={handlePageChange}
@@ -921,7 +926,7 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
             >
                 <DialogContent>
                     <DialogHeader>
-                        <DialogTitle>API Token Created</DialogTitle>
+                        <DialogTitle>{uiT('API Token Created')}</DialogTitle>
                         <DialogDescription>
                             Copy this token now. You won't be able to see it again for security reasons.
                         </DialogDescription>
@@ -937,9 +942,9 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                                     const success = await copyToClipboard(tokenSecret);
 
                                     if (success) {
-                                        toast.success('Token copied to clipboard');
+                                        toast.success(uiT('Token copied to clipboard'));
                                     } else {
-                                        toast.error('Failed to copy token to clipboard');
+                                        toast.error(uiT('Failed to copy token to clipboard'));
                                     }
                                 }
                             }}
@@ -956,15 +961,15 @@ function SettingsAPITokens() {
                             }}
                             variant="outline"
                         >
-                            Close
+                            {uiT('Close')}
                         </Button>
                     </div>
                 </DialogContent>
             </Dialog>
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={() => handleDelete(deletingToken?.tokenId)}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompt.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompt.tsx
index b5ce9e98..65210c5d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompt.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompt.tsx
@@ -14,7 +14,14 @@ import {
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import ReactDiffViewer from 'react-diff-viewer-continued';
-import { type Control, type ControllerRenderProps, type FieldValues, useController, useForm, useFormState } from 'react-hook-form';
+import {
+    type Control,
+    type ControllerRenderProps,
+    type FieldValues,
+    useController,
+    useForm,
+    useFormState,
+} from 'react-hook-form';
 import { useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -36,15 +43,16 @@ import {
     useUpdatePromptMutation,
     useValidatePromptMutation,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatPromptId } from '@/lib/route-titles/format-prompt-id';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 const systemFormSchema = z.object({
-    template: z.string().min(1, 'System template is required'),
+    template: z.string().min(1, uiT('System template is required')),
 });
 
 const humanFormSchema = z.object({
-    template: z.string().min(1, 'Human template is required'),
+    template: z.string().min(1, uiT('Human template is required')),
 });
 
 interface BaseFieldProps extends ControllerProps {
@@ -143,7 +151,11 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
 
     const isLoading = isCreateLoading || isUpdateLoading || isDeleteLoading || isValidateLoading;
 
-    const handleVariableClick = (variable: string, field: ControllerRenderProps<FieldValues, string>, formId: string) => {
+    const handleVariableClick = (
+        variable: string,
+        field: ControllerRenderProps<FieldValues, string>,
+        formId: string,
+    ) => {
         const textarea = document.querySelector(`#${formId} textarea`) as HTMLTextAreaElement;
 
         if (textarea) {
@@ -209,7 +221,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             setResetDialogOpen(false);
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Reset error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while resetting');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while resetting'));
             setResetDialogOpen(false);
         }
     };
@@ -253,7 +265,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             setValidationDialogOpen(true);
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Validation error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while validating');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while validating'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -499,7 +511,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             }
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Submit error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while saving');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while saving'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -522,7 +534,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             const humanPromptType = agentData.human?.type;
 
             if (!humanPromptType) {
-                setSubmitError('Human prompt type not found');
+                setSubmitError(uiT('Human prompt type not found'));
 
                 return;
             }
@@ -546,7 +558,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             }
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Submit error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while saving');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while saving'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -554,9 +566,9 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
         return (
             <>
                 <StatusCard
-                    description="Please wait while we fetch prompt information"
+                    description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch prompt information')}
                     icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                    title="Loading prompt data..."
+                    title={uiT('Loading prompt data...')}
                 />
             </>
         );
@@ -567,7 +579,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             <>
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error loading prompt data</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error loading prompt data')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>{error.message}</AlertDescription>
                 </Alert>
             </>
@@ -579,7 +591,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
             <>
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Prompt not found</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Prompt not found')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>
                         The prompt "{promptId}" could not be found or is not supported for editing.
                     </AlertDescription>
@@ -687,8 +699,8 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
 
                 <div className="text-muted-foreground">
                     {promptInfo.type === 'agent'
-                        ? 'Configure prompts for this AI agent'
-                        : 'Configure the prompt for this tool'}
+                        ? uiT('Configure prompts for this AI agent')
+                        : uiT('Configure the prompt for this tool')}
                 </div>
             </div>
 
@@ -701,14 +713,14 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                     <TabsTrigger value="system">
                         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <Code className="size-4" />
-                            System Prompt
+                            {uiT('System Prompt')}
                         </div>
                     </TabsTrigger>
                     {promptInfo.type === 'agent' && promptInfo.hasHuman && (
                         <TabsTrigger value="human">
                             <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                                 <User className="size-4" />
-                                Human Prompt
+                                {uiT('Human Prompt')}
                             </div>
                         </TabsTrigger>
                     )}
@@ -728,7 +740,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                             {mutationError && (
                                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                                    <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
+                                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error')}</AlertTitle>
                                     <AlertDescription>
                                         {mutationError instanceof Error ? (
                                             mutationError.message
@@ -746,8 +758,8 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                 name="template"
                                 placeholder={
                                     promptInfo.type === 'tool'
-                                        ? 'Enter the tool template...'
-                                        : 'Enter the system prompt template...'
+                                        ? uiT('Enter the tool template...')
+                                        : uiT('Enter the system prompt template...')
                                 }
                             />
                         </form>
@@ -769,7 +781,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                 {mutationError && (
                                     <Alert variant="destructive">
                                         <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                                        <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
+                                        <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error')}</AlertTitle>
                                         <AlertDescription>
                                             {mutationError instanceof Error ? (
                                                 mutationError.message
@@ -785,7 +797,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                     control={humanForm.control}
                                     disabled={isLoading}
                                     name="template"
-                                    placeholder="Enter the human prompt template..."
+                                    placeholder={uiT('Enter the human prompt template...')}
                                 />
                             </form>
                         </Form>
@@ -818,7 +830,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                     variant="destructive"
                                 >
                                     {isDeleteLoading ? <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" /> : <RotateCcw />}
-                                    {isDeleteLoading ? 'Resetting...' : 'Reset'}
+                                    {isDeleteLoading ? uiT('Resetting...') : uiT('Reset')}
                                 </Button>
 
                                 <Button
@@ -843,7 +855,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                             ) : (
                                 <CheckCircle className="size-4" />
                             )}
-                            {isValidateLoading ? 'Validating...' : 'Validate'}
+                            {isValidateLoading ? uiT('Validating...') : uiT('Validate')}
                         </Button>
                     </div>
 
@@ -854,7 +866,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                             type="button"
                             variant="outline"
                         >
-                            Cancel
+                            {uiT('Cancel')}
                         </Button>
                         {activeTab === 'system' && (
                             <FormSubmitButton
@@ -863,7 +875,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                 loading={isLoading}
                                 variant="secondary"
                             >
-                                {isLoading ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Changes'}
+                                {isLoading ? uiT('Saving...') : uiT('Save Changes')}
                             </FormSubmitButton>
                         )}
                         {activeTab === 'human' && promptInfo?.type === 'agent' && promptInfo?.hasHuman && (
@@ -873,7 +885,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                 loading={isLoading}
                                 variant="secondary"
                             >
-                                {isLoading ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Changes'}
+                                {isLoading ? uiT('Saving...') : uiT('Save Changes')}
                             </FormSubmitButton>
                         )}
                     </div>
@@ -882,10 +894,10 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
 
             {/* Reset Confirmation Dialog */}
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
                 cancelVariant="outline"
                 confirmIcon={<RotateCcw />}
-                confirmText="Reset"
+                confirmText={uiT('Reset')}
                 confirmVariant="destructive"
                 description="Are you sure you want to reset this prompt to its default value? This action cannot be undone."
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmReset}
@@ -893,20 +905,20 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                 isOpen={resetDialogOpen}
                 itemName={`${activeTab} prompt`}
                 itemType="template"
-                title="Reset Prompt"
+                title={uiT('Reset Prompt')}
             />
 
             {/* Leave Confirmation Dialog */}
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Stay"
+                cancelText={uiT('Stay')}
                 confirmIcon={undefined}
-                confirmText="Leave"
+                confirmText={uiT('Leave')}
                 confirmVariant="destructive"
-                description="You have unsaved changes. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?"
+                description={uiT('You have unsaved changes. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmLeave}
                 handleOpenChange={handleLeaveDialogOpenChange}
                 isOpen={isLeaveDialogOpen}
-                title="Discard changes?"
+                title={uiT('Discard changes?')}
             />
 
             {/* Validation Results Dialog */}
@@ -918,7 +930,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                     <DialogHeader>
                         <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <AlertCircle className="size-5" />
-                            Validation Results
+                            {uiT('Validation Results')}
                         </DialogTitle>
                         <DialogDescription>
                             The validation result for the {activeTab} prompt template.
@@ -934,19 +946,21 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                                     <XCircle className="size-4 text-red-500!" />
                                 )}
                                 <AlertTitle>
-                                    {validationResult.result === 'success' ? 'Valid Template' : 'Validation Error'}
+                                    {validationResult.result === 'success'
+                                        ? uiT('Valid Template')
+                                        : uiT('Validation Error')}
                                 </AlertTitle>
                                 <AlertDescription>
                                     <div className="whitespace-pre-line">
                                         {validationResult.message}
                                         {validationResult.details && (
                                             <div className="mt-2">
-                                                <strong>Details:</strong> {validationResult.details}
+                                                <strong>{uiT('Details:')}</strong> {validationResult.details}
                                             </div>
                                         )}
                                         {validationResult.line && (
                                             <div className="mt-1">
-                                                <strong>Line:</strong> {validationResult.line}
+                                                <strong>{uiT('Line:')}</strong> {validationResult.line}
                                             </div>
                                         )}
                                     </div>
@@ -954,7 +968,7 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                             </Alert>
 
                             <div className="flex justify-end">
-                                <Button onClick={() => setValidationDialogOpen(false)}>Close</Button>
+                                <Button onClick={() => setValidationDialogOpen(false)}>{uiT('Close')}</Button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     )}
@@ -972,7 +986,9 @@ function SettingsPrompt() {
                             <FileDiff className="size-5" />
                             Diff
                         </DialogTitle>
-                        <DialogDescription>Changes between current value and default template.</DialogDescription>
+                        <DialogDescription>
+                            {uiT('Changes between current value and default template.')}
+                        </DialogDescription>
                     </DialogHeader>
                     <div className="max-h-[70vh] overflow-auto">
                         <ReactDiffViewer
@@ -998,7 +1014,7 @@ function Variables({ currentTemplate, onVariableClick, variables }: VariablesPro
 
     return (
         <div className="bg-muted/50 mb-4 rounded-md border p-3">
-            <h4 className="text-muted-foreground mb-2 text-sm font-medium">Available Variables:</h4>
+            <h4 className="text-muted-foreground mb-2 text-sm font-medium">{uiT('Available Variables:')}</h4>
             <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
                 {variables.map((variable) => {
                     const isUsed = usedVariables.has(variable);
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompts.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompts.tsx
index ab8945d5..58af2bae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompts.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-prompts.tsx
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import {
 import { StatusCard } from '@/components/ui/status-card';
 import { useDeletePromptMutation, useSettingsPromptsQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { usePageStorageKeys } from '@/hooks/use-page-storage-keys';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 
 type AgentPromptTableData = {
     displayName: string;
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     </Button>
                 );
             },
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Agent Name', searchable: true },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Agent Name'), searchable: true },
             size: 200,
         },
         {
@@ -349,12 +350,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
 
                 return (
                     <Badge variant={status === 'Custom' ? 'default' : status === 'Default' ? 'secondary' : 'outline'}>
-                        {status}
+                        {status === 'N/A' ? status : uiT(status)}
                     </Badge>
                 );
             },
-            header: 'System Prompt',
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'System Prompt', searchable: true },
+            header: uiT('System Prompt'),
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('System Prompt'), searchable: true },
             size: 100,
         },
         {
@@ -364,12 +365,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
 
                 return (
                     <Badge variant={status === 'Custom' ? 'default' : status === 'Default' ? 'secondary' : 'outline'}>
-                        {status}
+                        {status === 'N/A' ? status : uiT(status)}
                     </Badge>
                 );
             },
-            header: 'Human Prompt',
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Human Prompt', searchable: true },
+            header: uiT('Human Prompt'),
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Human Prompt'), searchable: true },
             size: 100,
         },
         {
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Open menu"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     variant="ghost"
                                 >
@@ -413,12 +414,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                         resetOperation?.type === 'system' ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-3 animate-spin" />
-                                                Resetting...
+                                                {uiT('Resetting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <RotateCcw className="size-3" />
-                                                Reset System
+                                                {uiT('Reset System')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -437,12 +438,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                         resetOperation?.type === 'human' ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-3 animate-spin" />
-                                                Resetting...
+                                                {uiT('Resetting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <RotateCcw className="size-3" />
-                                                Reset Human
+                                                {uiT('Reset Human')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -461,12 +462,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                         resetOperation?.type === 'all' ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-3 animate-spin" />
-                                                Resetting...
+                                                {uiT('Resetting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <Trash2 className="size-3" />
-                                                Reset All
+                                                {uiT('Reset All')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     </Button>
                 );
             },
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Tool Name', searchable: true },
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Tool Name'), searchable: true },
             size: 300,
         },
         {
@@ -521,12 +522,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
 
                 return (
                     <Badge variant={status === 'Custom' ? 'default' : status === 'Default' ? 'secondary' : 'outline'}>
-                        {status}
+                        {status === 'N/A' ? status : uiT(status)}
                     </Badge>
                 );
             },
-            header: 'Prompt',
-            meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Prompt', searchable: true },
+            header: uiT('Prompt'),
+            meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Prompt'), searchable: true },
             size: 100,
         },
         {
@@ -538,7 +539,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Open menu"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     variant="ghost"
                                 >
@@ -569,12 +570,12 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                             resetOperation?.type === 'tool' ? (
                                                 <>
                                                     <Loader2 className="size-3 animate-spin" />
-                                                    Resetting...
+                                                    {uiT('Resetting...')}
                                                 </>
                                             ) : (
                                                 <>
                                                     <RotateCcw className="size-3" />
-                                                    Reset
+                                                    {uiT('Reset')}
                                                 </>
                                             )}
                                         </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -604,7 +605,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
 
         return (
             <div className="bg-muted/20 flex flex-col gap-4 border-t p-4">
-                <h4 className="font-medium">Prompt Templates</h4>
+                <h4 className="font-medium">{uiT('Prompt Templates')}</h4>
                 <hr className="border-muted-foreground/20" />
 
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
@@ -618,7 +619,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                         className="text-xs"
                                         variant="secondary"
                                     >
-                                        Custom
+                                        {uiT('Custom')}
                                     </Badge>
                                 )}
                             </h5>
@@ -638,7 +639,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                                         className="text-xs"
                                         variant="secondary"
                                     >
-                                        Custom
+                                        {uiT('Custom')}
                                     </Badge>
                                 )}
                             </h5>
@@ -662,13 +663,13 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
         return (
             <div className="bg-muted/20 border-t p-4">
                 <div className="mb-2 flex items-center gap-2">
-                    <h5 className="text-sm font-medium">Template</h5>
+                    <h5 className="text-sm font-medium">{uiT('Template')}</h5>
                     {userToolPrompt && (
                         <Badge
                             className="text-xs"
                             variant="secondary"
                         >
-                            Custom
+                            {uiT('Custom')}
                         </Badge>
                     )}
                 </div>
@@ -705,8 +706,8 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                         {isDeleteLoading &&
                         resetOperation?.promptName === agent.name &&
                         resetOperation?.type === 'system'
-                            ? 'Resetting...'
-                            : 'Reset System'}
+                            ? uiT('Resetting...')
+                            : uiT('Reset System')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 )}
                 {agent.hasHuman && canResetPrompt(agent.name, 'human') && (
@@ -722,8 +723,8 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                         {isDeleteLoading &&
                         resetOperation?.promptName === agent.name &&
                         resetOperation?.type === 'human'
-                            ? 'Resetting...'
-                            : 'Reset Human'}
+                            ? uiT('Resetting...')
+                            : uiT('Reset Human')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 )}
                 {canResetPrompt(agent.name, 'all') && (
@@ -737,8 +738,8 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     >
                         <Trash2 className="size-3" />
                         {isDeleteLoading && resetOperation?.promptName === agent.name && resetOperation?.type === 'all'
-                            ? 'Resetting...'
-                            : 'Reset All'}
+                            ? uiT('Resetting...')
+                            : uiT('Reset All')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 )}
             </>
@@ -764,8 +765,8 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     >
                         <RotateCcw />
                         {isDeleteLoading && resetOperation?.promptName === tool.name && resetOperation?.type === 'tool'
-                            ? 'Resetting...'
-                            : 'Reset'}
+                            ? uiT('Resetting...')
+                            : uiT('Reset')}
                     </ContextMenuItem>
                 </>
             )}
@@ -777,9 +778,9 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
             <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
                 <SettingsPromptsHeader />
                 <StatusCard
-                    description="Please wait while we fetch your prompt templates"
+                    description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch your prompt templates')}
                     icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                    title="Loading prompts..."
+                    title={uiT('Loading prompts...')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -791,7 +792,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                 <SettingsPromptsHeader />
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error loading prompts</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error loading prompts')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>{error.message}</AlertDescription>
                 </Alert>
             </div>
@@ -806,9 +807,9 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
             <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
                 <SettingsPromptsHeader />
                 <StatusCard
-                    description="Prompt templates could not be loaded"
+                    description={uiT('Prompt templates could not be loaded')}
                     icon={<Settings className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                    title="No prompts available"
+                    title={uiT('No prompts available')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -823,15 +824,15 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
                         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <Bot className="text-muted-foreground size-5" />
-                            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">Agent Prompts</h2>
+                            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">{uiT('Agent Prompts')}</h2>
                             <Badge variant="secondary">{agentPrompts.length}</Badge>
                         </div>
-                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">System and human prompts for AI agents</p>
+                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">{uiT('System and human prompts for AI agents')}</p>
                         <DataTable<AgentPromptTableData>
                             columns={agentColumns}
                             data={agentPrompts}
                             empty={{ entityName: 'agent prompts' }}
-                            filterPlaceholder="Filter agents..."
+                            filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter agents...')}
                             initialPageSize={1000}
                             renderRowContextMenu={renderAgentRowContextMenu}
                             renderSubComponent={renderAgentSubComponent}
@@ -844,15 +845,17 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                     <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
                         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                             <Wrench className="text-muted-foreground size-5" />
-                            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">Tool Prompts</h2>
+                            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">{uiT('Tool Prompts')}</h2>
                             <Badge variant="secondary">{toolPrompts.length}</Badge>
                         </div>
-                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">Prompt templates for system tools and utilities</p>
+                        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+                            {uiT('Prompt templates for system tools and utilities')}
+                        </p>
                         <DataTable<ToolPromptTableData>
                             columns={toolColumns}
                             data={toolPrompts}
                             empty={{ entityName: 'tool prompts' }}
-                            filterPlaceholder="Filter tools..."
+                            filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter tools...')}
                             initialPageSize={1000}
                             renderRowContextMenu={renderToolRowContextMenu}
                             renderSubComponent={renderToolSubComponent}
@@ -863,10 +866,10 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
             </div>
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
                 cancelVariant="outline"
                 confirmIcon={<RotateCcw />}
-                confirmText="Reset"
+                confirmText={uiT('Reset')}
                 confirmVariant="destructive"
                 description={
                     resetOperation?.type === 'system'
@@ -880,7 +883,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
                 handleConfirm={handleResetPrompt}
                 handleOpenChange={setResetDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={resetDialogOpen}
-                title={`Reset ${resetOperation?.displayName || 'Prompt'}`}
+                title={`Reset ${resetOperation?.displayName || uiT('Prompt')}`}
             />
         </Fragment>
     );
@@ -889,7 +892,7 @@ function SettingsPrompts() {
 function SettingsPromptsHeader() {
     return (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-            <p className="text-muted-foreground">Manage system and custom prompt templates</p>
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground">{uiT('Manage system and custom prompt templates')}</p>
         </div>
     );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-provider.tsx
index 07eaf8f7..4edc0652 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-provider.tsx
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import {
     useTestProviderMutation,
     useUpdateProviderMutation,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 interface BaseFieldProps extends ControllerProps {
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ const agentConfigSchema = z
             (value) => (value === '' || value === undefined ? null : value),
             z.number().nullable().optional(),
         ),
-        model: z.preprocess((value) => value || '', z.string().min(1, 'Model is required')),
+        model: z.preprocess((value) => value || '', z.string().min(1, uiT('Model is required'))),
         presencePenalty: z.preprocess(
             (value) => (value === '' || value === undefined ? null : value),
             z.number().nullable().optional(),
@@ -535,9 +536,9 @@ const formSchema = z.object({
     agents: z.record(z.string(), agentConfigSchema).optional(),
     name: z.preprocess(
         (value) => value || '',
-        z.string().min(1, 'Provider name is required').max(50, 'Maximum 50 characters allowed'),
+        z.string().min(1, uiT('Provider name is required')).max(50, uiT('Maximum 50 characters allowed')),
     ),
-    type: z.preprocess((value) => value || '', z.string().min(1, 'Provider type is required')),
+    type: z.preprocess((value) => value || '', z.string().min(1, uiT('Provider type is required'))),
 });
 
 type FormAgents = FormData['agents'];
@@ -687,7 +688,7 @@ function TestResultsDialog({ handleOpenChange, isOpen, results }: TestResultsDia
         >
             <DialogContent className="flex max-h-[80vh] max-w-4xl flex-col">
                 <DialogHeader className="shrink-0">
-                    <DialogTitle>Provider Test Results</DialogTitle>
+                    <DialogTitle>{uiT('Provider Test Results')}</DialogTitle>
                 </DialogHeader>
                 <div className="flex flex-1 flex-col gap-6 overflow-y-auto">
                     <Accordion
@@ -745,19 +746,19 @@ function TestResultsDialog({ handleOpenChange, isOpen, results }: TestResultsDia
                                                         {test.result === true
                                                             ? 'Success'
                                                             : test.result === false
-                                                              ? 'Failed'
-                                                              : 'Unknown'}
+                                                              ? uiT('Failed')
+                                                              : uiT('Unknown')}
                                                     </div>
                                                     {test.error && (
                                                         <div className="mt-2 rounded border border-red-200 bg-red-50 p-2 text-sm text-red-700">
-                                                            <strong>Error:</strong> {test.error}
+                                                            <strong>{uiT('Error:')}</strong> {test.error}
                                                         </div>
                                                     )}
                                                 </div>
                                             ))}
                                             {tests.length === 0 && (
                                                 <div className="text-muted-foreground py-4 text-center">
-                                                    No tests available for this agent
+                                                    {uiT('No tests available for this agent')}
                                                 </div>
                                             )}
                                         </div>
@@ -1086,7 +1087,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             navigate('/settings/providers');
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Submit error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while saving');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while saving'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -1114,7 +1115,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             navigate('/settings/providers');
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Delete error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while deleting');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while deleting'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -1191,7 +1192,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             setIsTestDialogOpen(true);
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Test error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while testing');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while testing'));
         }
     };
 
@@ -1267,7 +1268,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             return;
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Test error:', error);
-            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while testing');
+            setSubmitError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while testing'));
             setCurrentAgentKey(null);
         }
     };
@@ -1306,9 +1307,9 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
     if (loading) {
         return (
             <StatusCard
-                description="Please wait while we fetch provider configuration"
+                description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch provider configuration')}
                 icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                title="Loading provider data..."
+                title={uiT('Loading provider data...')}
             />
         );
     }
@@ -1317,7 +1318,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
         return (
             <Alert variant="destructive">
                 <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                <AlertTitle>Error loading provider data</AlertTitle>
+                <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error loading provider data')}</AlertTitle>
                 <AlertDescription>{error.message}</AlertDescription>
             </Alert>
         );
@@ -1335,13 +1336,13 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
                     <h2 className="flex items-center gap-2 text-lg font-semibold">
                         <Cpu className="text-muted-foreground size-5" />
-                        {isNew ? 'New Provider' : 'Provider Settings'}
+                        {isNew ? uiT('New Provider') : uiT('Provider Settings')}
                     </h2>
 
                     <div className="text-muted-foreground">
                         {isNew
-                            ? 'Configure a new language model provider'
-                            : 'Update provider settings and configuration'}
+                            ? uiT('Configure a new language model provider')
+                            : uiT('Update provider settings and configuration')}
                     </div>
                 </div>
 
@@ -1355,7 +1356,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                         {mutationError && (
                             <Alert variant="destructive">
                                 <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                                <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
+                                <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error')}</AlertTitle>
                                 <AlertDescription>
                                     {mutationError instanceof Error ? (
                                         mutationError.message
@@ -1370,28 +1371,30 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                         <FormComboboxItem
                             allowCustom={false}
                             control={control}
-                            description="The type of language model provider"
+                            description={uiT('The type of language model provider')}
                             disabled={isLoading || !!selectedType}
-                            label="Type"
+                            label={uiT('Type')}
                             name="type"
                             options={providers}
-                            placeholder="Select provider"
+                            placeholder={uiT('Select provider')}
                         />
 
                         <FormInputStringItem
                             control={control}
-                            description="A unique name for your provider configuration"
+                            description={uiT('A unique name for your provider configuration')}
                             disabled={isLoading}
-                            label="Name"
+                            label={uiT('Name')}
                             name="name"
-                            placeholder="Enter provider name"
+                            placeholder={uiT('Enter provider name')}
                         />
 
                         {/* Agents Configuration Section */}
                         <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
                             <div>
-                                <h3 className="text-lg font-medium">Agent Configurations</h3>
-                                <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">Configure settings for each agent type</p>
+                                <h3 className="text-lg font-medium">{uiT('Agent Configurations')}</h3>
+                                <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+                                    {uiT('Configure settings for each agent type')}
+                                </p>
                             </div>
 
                             <Accordion
@@ -1428,8 +1431,8 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                     )}
                                                     <span className="no-underline! hover:no-underline!">
                                                         {isAgentTestLoading && currentAgentKey === agentKey
-                                                            ? 'Testing...'
-                                                            : 'Test'}
+                                                            ? uiT('Testing...')
+                                                            : uiT('Test')}
                                                     </span>
                                                 </span>
                                             </div>
@@ -1440,7 +1443,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormModelComboboxItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Model"
+                                                    label={uiT('Model')}
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.model`}
                                                     onOptionSelect={(option) => {
                                                         {
@@ -1467,14 +1470,14 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                         );
                                                     }}
                                                     options={availableModels}
-                                                    placeholder="Select or enter model name"
+                                                    placeholder={uiT('Select or enter model name')}
                                                 />
 
                                                 {/* Temperature field */}
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Temperature"
+                                                    label={uiT('Temperature')}
                                                     max="2"
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.temperature`}
@@ -1486,7 +1489,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Max Tokens"
+                                                    label={uiT('Max Tokens')}
                                                     min="1"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.maxTokens`}
                                                     placeholder="1000"
@@ -1497,7 +1500,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Top P"
+                                                    label={uiT('Top P')}
                                                     max="1"
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.topP`}
@@ -1509,7 +1512,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Top K"
+                                                    label={uiT('Top K')}
                                                     min="1"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.topK`}
                                                     placeholder="40"
@@ -1520,7 +1523,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Min Length"
+                                                    label={uiT('Min Length')}
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.minLength`}
                                                     placeholder="0"
@@ -1531,7 +1534,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Max Length"
+                                                    label={uiT('Max Length')}
                                                     min="1"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.maxLength`}
                                                     placeholder="2000"
@@ -1542,7 +1545,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Repetition Penalty"
+                                                    label={uiT('Repetition Penalty')}
                                                     max="2"
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.repetitionPenalty`}
@@ -1554,7 +1557,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Frequency Penalty"
+                                                    label={uiT('Frequency Penalty')}
                                                     max="2"
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.frequencyPenalty`}
@@ -1566,7 +1569,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                 <FormInputNumberItem
                                                     control={control}
                                                     disabled={isLoading}
-                                                    label="Presence Penalty"
+                                                    label={uiT('Presence Penalty')}
                                                     max="2"
                                                     min="0"
                                                     name={`agents.${agentKey}.presencePenalty`}
@@ -1578,7 +1581,9 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                             {/* Reasoning Configuration */}
                                             <div className="col-span-full p-px">
                                                 <div className="mt-6 flex flex-col gap-4">
-                                                    <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">Reasoning Configuration</h4>
+                                                    <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">
+                                                        {uiT('Reasoning Configuration')}
+                                                    </h4>
                                                     <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
                                                         {/* Reasoning Effort field */}
                                                         <FormField
@@ -1586,7 +1591,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                             name={`agents.${agentKey}.reasoning.effort`}
                                                             render={({ field }) => (
                                                                 <FormItem>
-                                                                    <FormLabel>Reasoning Effort</FormLabel>
+                                                                    <FormLabel>{uiT('Reasoning Effort')}</FormLabel>
                                                                     <Select
                                                                         defaultValue={field.value ?? 'none'}
                                                                         disabled={isLoading}
@@ -1598,21 +1603,25 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                                     >
                                                                         <FormControl>
                                                                             <SelectTrigger>
-                                                                                <SelectValue placeholder="Select effort level (optional)" />
+                                                                                <SelectValue
+                                                                                    placeholder={uiT(
+                                                                                        'Select effort level (optional)',
+                                                                                    )}
+                                                                                />
                                                                             </SelectTrigger>
                                                                         </FormControl>
                                                                         <SelectContent>
                                                                             <SelectItem value="none">
-                                                                                Not selected
+                                                                                {uiT('Not selected')}
                                                                             </SelectItem>
                                                                             <SelectItem value={ReasoningEffort.Low}>
-                                                                                Low
+                                                                                {uiT('Low')}
                                                                             </SelectItem>
                                                                             <SelectItem value={ReasoningEffort.Medium}>
-                                                                                Medium
+                                                                                {uiT('Medium')}
                                                                             </SelectItem>
                                                                             <SelectItem value={ReasoningEffort.High}>
-                                                                                High
+                                                                                {uiT('High')}
                                                                             </SelectItem>
                                                                         </SelectContent>
                                                                     </Select>
@@ -1638,14 +1647,16 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                             {/* Price Configuration */}
                                             <div className="col-span-full p-px">
                                                 <div className="mt-6 flex flex-col gap-4">
-                                                    <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">Price Configuration</h4>
+                                                    <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">
+                                                        {uiT('Price Configuration')}
+                                                    </h4>
                                                     <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
                                                         {/* Price Input field */}
                                                         <FormInputNumberItem
                                                             control={control}
                                                             description="Price per 1M input tokens"
                                                             disabled={isLoading}
-                                                            label="Input Price"
+                                                            label={uiT('Input Price')}
                                                             min="0"
                                                             name={`agents.${agentKey}.price.input`}
                                                             placeholder="0.001"
@@ -1657,7 +1668,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                             control={control}
                                                             description="Price per 1M output tokens"
                                                             disabled={isLoading}
-                                                            label="Output Price"
+                                                            label={uiT('Output Price')}
                                                             min="0"
                                                             name={`agents.${agentKey}.price.output`}
                                                             placeholder="0.002"
@@ -1669,7 +1680,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                             control={control}
                                                             description="Price per 1M cached read tokens"
                                                             disabled={isLoading}
-                                                            label="Cache Read Price"
+                                                            label={uiT('Cache Read Price')}
                                                             min="0"
                                                             name={`agents.${agentKey}.price.cacheRead`}
                                                             placeholder="0.0001"
@@ -1681,7 +1692,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                                                             control={control}
                                                             description="Price per 1M cache write tokens"
                                                             disabled={isLoading}
-                                                            label="Cache Write Price"
+                                                            label={uiT('Cache Write Price')}
                                                             min="0"
                                                             name={`agents.${agentKey}.price.cacheWrite`}
                                                             placeholder="0.00015"
@@ -1715,7 +1726,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                             ) : (
                                 <Trash2 className="size-4" />
                             )}
-                            {isDeleteLoading ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                            {isDeleteLoading ? uiT('Deleting...') : uiT('Delete')}
                         </Button>
                     )}
                     <Button
@@ -1725,7 +1736,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                         variant="outline"
                     >
                         {isTestLoading ? <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" /> : <Play className="size-4" />}
-                        {isTestLoading ? 'Testing...' : 'Test'}
+                        {isTestLoading ? uiT('Testing...') : uiT('Test')}
                     </Button>
                 </div>
 
@@ -1736,7 +1747,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                         type="button"
                         variant="outline"
                     >
-                        Cancel
+                        {uiT('Cancel')}
                     </Button>
                     <FormSubmitButton
                         form="provider-form"
@@ -1744,7 +1755,7 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
                         loading={isLoading}
                         variant="secondary"
                     >
-                        {isLoading ? 'Saving...' : isNew ? 'Create Provider' : 'Update Provider'}
+                        {isLoading ? uiT('Saving...') : isNew ? uiT('Create Provider') : uiT('Update Provider')}
                     </FormSubmitButton>
                 </div>
             </div>
@@ -1756,8 +1767,8 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             />
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
@@ -1766,15 +1777,15 @@ function SettingsProvider() {
             />
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Stay"
+                cancelText={uiT('Stay')}
                 confirmIcon={undefined}
-                confirmText="Leave"
+                confirmText={uiT('Leave')}
                 confirmVariant="destructive"
-                description="You have unsaved changes. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?"
+                description={uiT('You have unsaved changes. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmLeave}
                 handleOpenChange={handleLeaveDialogOpenChange}
                 isOpen={isLeaveDialogOpen}
-                title="Discard changes?"
+                title={uiT('Discard changes?')}
             />
         </>
     );
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-providers.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-providers.tsx
index a0d3fff6..7591bf93 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-providers.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/settings-providers.tsx
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
 import { StatusCard } from '@/components/ui/status-card';
 import { ProviderType, useDeleteProviderMutation, useSettingsProvidersQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useTableState } from '@/hooks/use-table-state';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { formatDate } from '@/lib/utils/format';
 type Provider = ProviderConfigFragmentFragment;
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ const providerIcons: Record<ProviderType, React.ComponentType<React.SVGProps<SVG
 const providerTypes = [
     { label: 'Anthropic', type: ProviderType.Anthropic },
     { label: 'Bedrock', type: ProviderType.Bedrock },
-    { label: 'Custom', type: ProviderType.Custom },
+    { label: uiT('Custom'), type: ProviderType.Custom },
     { label: 'DeepSeek', type: ProviderType.Deepseek },
     { label: 'Gemini', type: ProviderType.Gemini },
     { label: 'GLM', type: ProviderType.Glm },
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 setDeletingProvider(null);
                 setDeleteErrorMessage(null);
             } catch (error) {
-                setDeleteErrorMessage(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while deleting');
+                setDeleteErrorMessage(error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while deleting'));
             }
         },
         [deleteProvider],
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Name"
+                        title={uiT('Name')}
                     />
                 ),
                 // Name flexes to fill remaining width — fixed `size` would push
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Type"
+                        title={uiT('Type')}
                     />
                 ),
                 meta: { searchable: true },
@@ -166,10 +167,10 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Created"
+                        title={uiT('Created')}
                     />
                 ),
-                meta: { columnMenuLabel: 'Created' },
+                meta: { columnMenuLabel: uiT('Created') },
                 size: 120,
                 sortingFn: (rowA, rowB) => {
                     const dateA = new Date(rowA.getValue('createdAt') as string);
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 header: ({ column }) => (
                     <DataTableColumnHeader
                         column={column}
-                        title="Updated"
+                        title={uiT('Updated')}
                     />
                 ),
                 size: 120,
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                             <DropdownMenu>
                                 <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                     <Button
-                                        aria-label="Open menu"
+                                        aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                         className="size-8 p-0"
                                         variant="ghost"
                                     >
@@ -235,12 +236,12 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                                         {isDeleteLoading && deletingProvider?.id === provider.id ? (
                                             <>
                                                 <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                                Deleting...
+                                                {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                             </>
                                         ) : (
                                             <>
                                                 <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                                Delete
+                                                {uiT('Delete')}
                                             </>
                                         )}
                                     </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
         const { agents } = provider;
 
         if (!agents) {
-            return <div className="text-muted-foreground p-4 text-sm">No agent configuration available</div>;
+            return <div className="text-muted-foreground p-4 text-sm">{uiT('No agent configuration available')}</div>;
         }
 
         const getName = (key: string): string =>
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
 
         return (
             <div className="bg-muted/20 border-t p-4">
-                <h4 className="font-medium">Agent Configurations</h4>
+                <h4 className="font-medium">{uiT('Agent Configurations')}</h4>
                 <hr className="border-muted-foreground/20 my-4" />
                 <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-3 lg:grid-cols-4 2xl:grid-cols-5">
                     {agentTypes.map(({ data, key, name }) => {
@@ -318,7 +319,9 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                                         ))}
                                     </div>
                                 ) : (
-                                    <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">No configuration available</div>
+                                    <div className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+                                        {uiT('No configuration available')}
+                                    </div>
                                 )}
                             </div>
                         );
@@ -345,7 +348,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                     onClick={() => handleProviderDeleteDialogOpen(provider)}
                 >
                     <Trash />
-                    {isDeleteLoading && deletingProvider?.id === provider.id ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                    {isDeleteLoading && deletingProvider?.id === provider.id ? uiT('Deleting...') : uiT('Delete')}
                 </ContextMenuItem>
             </>
         ),
@@ -357,9 +360,9 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
             <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
                 <SettingsProvidersHeader />
                 <StatusCard
-                    description="Please wait while we fetch your provider configurations"
+                    description={uiT('Please wait while we fetch your provider configurations')}
                     icon={<Loader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-16 animate-spin" />}
-                    title="Loading providers..."
+                    title={uiT('Loading providers...')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -371,7 +374,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 <SettingsProvidersHeader />
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error loading providers</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error loading providers')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>{error.message}</AlertDescription>
                 </Alert>
             </div>
@@ -394,9 +397,9 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                             Add Provider
                         </Button>
                     }
-                    description="Get started by adding your first language model provider"
+                    description={uiT('Get started by adding your first language model provider')}
                     icon={<Settings className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                    title="No providers configured"
+                    title={uiT('No providers configured')}
                 />
             </div>
         );
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
             {(deleteError || deleteErrorMessage) && (
                 <Alert variant="destructive">
                     <AlertCircle className="size-4" />
-                    <AlertTitle>Error deleting provider</AlertTitle>
+                    <AlertTitle>{uiT('Error deleting provider')}</AlertTitle>
                     <AlertDescription>{deleteError?.message || deleteErrorMessage}</AlertDescription>
                 </Alert>
             )}
@@ -419,7 +422,7 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
                 columns={columns}
                 data={providers}
                 empty={{ entityName: 'providers' }}
-                filterPlaceholder="Filter providers..."
+                filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter providers...')}
                 filterValue={filter}
                 onFilterChange={setFilter}
                 onPageChange={handlePageChange}
@@ -429,8 +432,8 @@ function SettingsProviders() {
             />
 
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={() => handleProviderDelete(deletingProvider?.id)}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
@@ -450,7 +453,7 @@ function SettingsProvidersHeader() {
 
     return (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
-            <p className="text-muted-foreground min-w-0 flex-1 truncate">Manage language model providers</p>
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground min-w-0 flex-1 truncate">{uiT('Manage language model providers')}</p>
 
             {/*
              * "Create Provider" is a dropdown trigger, not a submit-style action — it
@@ -467,7 +470,7 @@ function SettingsProvidersHeader() {
                         className="shrink-0"
                         variant="secondary"
                     >
-                        Create Provider
+                        {uiT('Create Provider')}
                         <ChevronDown className="size-4" />
                     </Button>
                 </DropdownMenuTrigger>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/templates/template.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/templates/template.tsx
index cc04449d..ab69bca0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/templates/template.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/templates/template.tsx
@@ -49,11 +49,15 @@ import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip
 import { useTemplateDetailNavigation } from '@/features/templates/use-template-detail-navigation';
 import { useFlowTemplateQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useBreakpoint } from '@/hooks/use-breakpoint';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { type Template, useTemplates } from '@/providers/templates-provider';
 
 const formSchema = z.object({
-    text: z.string().trim().min(1, { message: 'Text is required' }),
+    text: z
+        .string()
+        .trim()
+        .min(1, { message: uiT('Text is required') }),
     title: z.string().trim().min(1, { message: 'Title is required' }),
 });
 
@@ -315,7 +319,7 @@ function Template() {
             // Preserve the original `text` from the server so that an inline
             // rename never overwrites unsaved edits in the form below.
             await updateTemplate(templateId, { text: template.text, title: newTitle });
-            toast.success('Template renamed successfully');
+            toast.success(uiT('Template renamed successfully'));
             handleTemplateRenameCancel();
         } catch {
             // Error already handled in provider with toast
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@ function Template() {
                                         inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                         onCancel={handleTemplateRenameCancel}
                                         onSave={handleTemplateRenameSave}
-                                        placeholder="Template title"
+                                        placeholder={uiT('Template title')}
                                     />
                                 ) : canShowActions ? (
                                     <Tooltip>
@@ -429,14 +433,14 @@ function Template() {
                                                 className="max-w-64 min-w-0 cursor-text truncate select-none"
                                                 onDoubleClick={handleTemplateRenameStart}
                                             >
-                                                {templateName ?? 'Template'}
+                                                {templateName ?? uiT('Template')}
                                             </BreadcrumbPage>
                                         </TooltipTrigger>
-                                        <TooltipContent>Double-click to rename</TooltipContent>
+                                        <TooltipContent>{uiT('Double-click to rename')}</TooltipContent>
                                     </Tooltip>
                                 ) : (
                                     <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">
-                                        {isNew ? 'New template' : (templateName ?? 'Template')}
+                                        {isNew ? uiT('New template') : (templateName ?? uiT('Template'))}
                                     </BreadcrumbPage>
                                 )}
                             </BreadcrumbItem>
@@ -449,7 +453,7 @@ function Template() {
                             controller={templateNav}
                             renderItem={renderTemplateItem}
                             sheetIcon={<FileText className="size-4" />}
-                            sheetTitle="Templates"
+                            sheetTitle={uiT('Templates')}
                         />
                     )}
                     <Button
@@ -463,7 +467,7 @@ function Template() {
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Template actions"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Template actions')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     variant="ghost"
                                 >
@@ -482,11 +486,11 @@ function Template() {
                                             onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                                         >
                                             <FileText className="size-4" />
-                                            Templates
+                                            {uiT('Templates')}
                                             <div className="-my-1.5 -mr-2 ml-auto flex items-center">
                                                 <DetailNavigationButtons<Template>
                                                     controller={templateNav}
-                                                    sheetTitle="Templates"
+                                                    sheetTitle={uiT('Templates')}
                                                     size="sm"
                                                 />
                                             </div>
@@ -496,7 +500,7 @@ function Template() {
                                 )}
                                 <DropdownMenuItem onClick={handleTemplateRenameStart}>
                                     <Pencil className="size-3" />
-                                    Rename
+                                    {uiT('Rename')}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                 <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -506,12 +510,12 @@ function Template() {
                                     {isDeleting ? (
                                         <>
                                             <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                            Deleting...
+                                            {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                         </>
                                     ) : (
                                         <>
                                             <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                            Delete
+                                            {uiT('Delete')}
                                         </>
                                     )}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -525,7 +529,7 @@ function Template() {
                     controller={templateNav}
                     renderItem={renderTemplateItem}
                     sheetIcon={<FileText className="size-4" />}
-                    sheetTitle="Templates"
+                    sheetTitle={uiT('Templates')}
                 />
             )}
         </>
@@ -605,7 +609,7 @@ function Template() {
                         <SheetHeader className="border-b p-4">
                             <SheetTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 pr-8 text-base">
                                 <FileText className="size-4" />
-                                <span>Preset templates</span>
+                                <span>{uiT('Preset templates')}</span>
                                 <Badge
                                     className="ml-auto font-normal tabular-nums"
                                     variant="secondary"
@@ -635,7 +639,7 @@ function Template() {
                             <div className="border-b p-4">
                                 <h3 className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base font-semibold">
                                     <FileText className="size-4" />
-                                    <span>Preset templates</span>
+                                    <span>{uiT('Preset templates')}</span>
                                     <Badge
                                         className="ml-auto font-normal tabular-nums"
                                         variant="secondary"
@@ -670,9 +674,11 @@ function Template() {
                 <div className="flex min-h-[calc(100dvh-3rem)] items-center justify-center p-4">
                     <Card className="w-full max-w-2xl">
                         <CardContent className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 pt-6 text-center">
-                            <h2 className="text-xl font-semibold">Template not found</h2>
-                            <p className="text-muted-foreground">The template you are looking for does not exist.</p>
-                            <Button onClick={() => navigate('/templates')}>Back to Templates</Button>
+                            <h2 className="text-xl font-semibold">{uiT('Template not found')}</h2>
+                            <p className="text-muted-foreground">
+                                {uiT('The template you are looking for does not exist.')}
+                            </p>
+                            <Button onClick={() => navigate('/templates')}>{uiT('Back to Templates')}</Button>
                         </CardContent>
                     </Card>
                 </div>
@@ -689,7 +695,7 @@ function Template() {
                         <CardContent className="flex flex-col gap-4 pt-6">
                             <div className="text-center">
                                 <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold">
-                                    {isNew ? 'Create a new template' : 'Edit template'}
+                                    {isNew ? uiT('Create a new template') : uiT('Edit template')}
                                 </h1>
                                 <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-2">
                                     Add title and content for your template or use a
@@ -698,7 +704,7 @@ function Template() {
                                         onClick={() => setIsAsideOpen((open) => !open)}
                                         variant="link"
                                     >
-                                        Preset template
+                                        {uiT('Preset template')}
                                     </Button>
                                 </p>
                             </div>
@@ -716,7 +722,7 @@ function Template() {
                                                     <Input
                                                         autoFocus={isNew}
                                                         disabled={isSaving}
-                                                        placeholder="Title"
+                                                        placeholder={uiT('Title')}
                                                         {...field}
                                                     />
                                                 </FormControl>
@@ -737,11 +743,15 @@ function Template() {
                                                             maxRows={9}
                                                             minRows={1}
                                                             onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
-                                                            placeholder="Content"
+                                                            placeholder={uiT('Content')}
                                                         />
                                                         <InputGroupAddon align="block-end">
                                                             <InputGroupButton
-                                                                aria-label={isNew ? 'Create template' : 'Save template'}
+                                                                aria-label={
+                                                                    isNew
+                                                                        ? uiT('Create template')
+                                                                        : uiT('Save template')
+                                                                }
                                                                 className="ml-auto"
                                                                 disabled={
                                                                     isSaving ||
@@ -749,7 +759,11 @@ function Template() {
                                                                     (!isNew && !hasUnsavedChanges)
                                                                 }
                                                                 size="icon-xs"
-                                                                title={isNew ? 'Create template' : 'Save template'}
+                                                                title={
+                                                                    isNew
+                                                                        ? uiT('Create template')
+                                                                        : uiT('Save template')
+                                                                }
                                                                 type="submit"
                                                                 variant="default"
                                                             >
@@ -774,9 +788,9 @@ function Template() {
             </div>
             <ConfirmationDialog
                 confirmIcon={<FileSymlink />}
-                confirmText="Replace"
+                confirmText={uiT('Replace')}
                 confirmVariant="default"
-                description="Current form has content. Replace with the selected preset?"
+                description={uiT('Current form has content. Replace with the selected preset?')}
                 handleConfirm={handleConfirmReplacePreset}
                 handleOpenChange={(open) => {
                     if (!open) {
@@ -786,11 +800,11 @@ function Template() {
                     setIsReplaceConfirmOpen(open);
                 }}
                 isOpen={isReplaceConfirmOpen}
-                title="Replace content?"
+                title={uiT('Replace content?')}
             />
             <ConfirmationDialog
-                cancelText="Cancel"
-                confirmText="Delete"
+                cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                 handleConfirm={handleTemplateDelete}
                 handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                 isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/templates/templates.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/templates/templates.tsx
index fdad9694..1d7e8098 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/templates/templates.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/templates/templates.tsx
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
 import { SidebarTrigger } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { StatusCard } from '@/components/ui/status-card';
 import { useTableState } from '@/hooks/use-table-state';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { mergeHrefWithSearchParams } from '@/lib/url-params';
 import { type Template, useTemplates } from '@/providers/templates-provider';
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ function Templates() {
 
         try {
             await updateTemplate(editingTemplateId, { text: template.text, title: newTitle });
-            toast.success('Template renamed successfully');
+            toast.success(uiT('Template renamed successfully'));
             setEditingTemplateId(null);
         } catch {
             // Error already handled in provider with toast
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ function Templates() {
                                 inputRef={editingInputRef}
                                 onCancel={handleTemplateRenameCancel}
                                 onSave={handleTemplateRenameSave}
-                                placeholder="Template title"
+                                placeholder={uiT('Template title')}
                             />
                         </div>
                     );
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ function Templates() {
             header: ({ column }) => (
                 <DataTableColumnHeader
                     column={column}
-                    title="Title"
+                    title={uiT('Title')}
                 />
             ),
             meta: { searchable: true },
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ function Templates() {
                         <DropdownMenu>
                             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
                                 <Button
-                                    aria-label="Open menu"
+                                    aria-label={uiT('Open menu')}
                                     className="size-8 p-0"
                                     onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
                                     variant="ghost"
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ function Templates() {
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleTemplateRenameStart(template)}>
                                     <Pencil className="size-3" />
-                                    Rename
+                                    {uiT('Rename')}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
                                 <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                                 <DropdownMenuItem
@@ -200,12 +201,12 @@ function Templates() {
                                     {deletingIds.has(template.id) ? (
                                         <>
                                             <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-                                            Deleting...
+                                            {uiT('Deleting...')}
                                         </>
                                     ) : (
                                         <>
                                             <Trash className="size-4" />
-                                            Delete
+                                            {uiT('Delete')}
                                         </>
                                     )}
                                 </DropdownMenuItem>
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ function Templates() {
             </ContextMenuItem>
             <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleTemplateRenameStart(template)}>
                 <PencilLine />
-                Rename
+                {uiT('Rename')}
             </ContextMenuItem>
             <ContextMenuSeparator />
             <ContextMenuItem
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ function Templates() {
                 onClick={() => handleDeleteDialogOpen(template)}
             >
                 <Trash />
-                {deletingIds.has(template.id) ? 'Deleting...' : 'Delete'}
+                {deletingIds.has(template.id) ? uiT('Deleting...') : uiT('Delete')}
             </ContextMenuItem>
         </>
     );
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ function Templates() {
                     <BreadcrumbList className="min-w-0 flex-nowrap">
                         <BreadcrumbItem className="min-w-0">
                             <FileText className="size-4 shrink-0" />
-                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">Templates</BreadcrumbPage>
+                            <BreadcrumbPage className="min-w-0 truncate">{uiT('Templates')}</BreadcrumbPage>
                         </BreadcrumbItem>
                     </BreadcrumbList>
                 </Breadcrumb>
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ function Templates() {
             <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2 px-4">
                 <HeaderButton
                     icon={<Plus />}
-                    label="New Template"
+                    label={uiT('New Template')}
                     onClick={() => navigate('/templates/new')}
                     variant="secondary"
                 />
@@ -283,12 +284,12 @@ function Templates() {
                                 variant="secondary"
                             >
                                 <Plus className="size-4" />
-                                New Template
+                                {uiT('New Template')}
                             </Button>
                         }
-                        description="Create your first template to get started"
+                        description={uiT('Create your first template to get started')}
                         icon={<FileText className="text-muted-foreground size-8" />}
-                        title="No templates yet"
+                        title={uiT('No templates yet')}
                     />
                 </div>
             </>
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ function Templates() {
                     columns={columns}
                     data={templates}
                     empty={{ entityName: 'templates' }}
-                    filterPlaceholder="Filter templates..."
+                    filterPlaceholder={uiT('Filter templates...')}
                     filterValue={filter}
                     onFilterChange={setFilter}
                     onRowClick={(template) => {
@@ -315,8 +316,8 @@ function Templates() {
                 />
 
                 <ConfirmationDialog
-                    cancelText="Cancel"
-                    confirmText="Delete"
+                    cancelText={uiT('Cancel')}
+                    confirmText={uiT('Delete')}
                     handleConfirm={handleDelete}
                     handleOpenChange={setIsDeleteDialogOpen}
                     isOpen={isDeleteDialogOpen}
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/favorites-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/favorites-provider.tsx
index 53f506be..ca755cb4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/favorites-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/favorites-provider.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
     useSettingsUserQuery,
     useSettingsUserUpdatedSubscription,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
@@ -149,8 +150,8 @@ export function FavoritesProvider({ children }: FavoritesProviderProps) {
                         variables: { flowId: id },
                     });
                 } catch (error) {
-                    const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to add favorite';
-                    toast.error('Failed to add to favorites', {
+                    const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to add favorite');
+                    toast.error(uiT('Failed to add to favorites'), {
                         description: errorMessage,
                     });
                     Log.error('Error adding favorite flow:', error);
@@ -173,8 +174,8 @@ export function FavoritesProvider({ children }: FavoritesProviderProps) {
                         variables: { flowId: id },
                     });
                 } catch (error) {
-                    const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to remove favorite';
-                    toast.error('Failed to remove from favorites', {
+                    const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to remove favorite');
+                    toast.error(uiT('Failed to remove from favorites'), {
                         description: errorMessage,
                     });
                     Log.error('Error removing favorite flow:', error);
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/flow-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/flow-provider.tsx
index a3f27a3e..6600e77a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/flow-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/flow-provider.tsx
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
     useTerminalLogAddedSubscription,
     useVectorStoreLogAddedSubscription,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 
 interface FlowContextValue {
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
         if (flowError) {
             const raw = flowError.message ?? '';
             const isNotFound = /no rows in result set|not found/i.test(raw);
-            toast.error(isNotFound ? 'Flow not found' : 'Failed to load flow', {
+            toast.error(isNotFound ? uiT('Flow not found') : uiT('Failed to load flow'), {
                 description: isNotFound ? undefined : raw || undefined,
                 id: 'flow-load-error',
             });
@@ -204,8 +205,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 });
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while submitting message';
-                toast.error('Failed to submit message', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while submitting message');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to submit message'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error submitting message:', error);
@@ -226,8 +227,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 },
             });
         } catch (error) {
-            const description = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while stopping flow';
-            toast.error('Failed to stop flow', {
+            const description = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while stopping flow');
+            toast.error(uiT('Failed to stop flow'), {
                 description,
             });
             Log.error('Error stopping flow:', error);
@@ -265,8 +266,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 }
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while creating assistant';
-                toast.error('Failed to create assistant', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while creating assistant');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to create assistant'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error creating assistant:', error);
@@ -297,8 +298,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 });
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while calling assistant';
-                toast.error('Failed to call assistant', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while calling assistant');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to call assistant'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error calling assistant:', error);
@@ -322,8 +323,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 });
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while stopping assistant';
-                toast.error('Failed to stop assistant', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while stopping assistant');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to stop assistant'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error stopping assistant:', error);
@@ -356,8 +357,8 @@ export function FlowProvider({ children }: FlowProviderProps) {
                 }
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while deleting assistant';
-                toast.error('Failed to delete assistant', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while deleting assistant');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to delete assistant'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error deleting assistant:', error);
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/flows-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/flows-provider.tsx
index acc6b3db..4ee55dd5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/flows-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/flows-provider.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
     useFlowsQuery,
     useFlowUpdatedSubscription,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 
 export type Flow = FlowFragmentFragment;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
 
     useEffect(() => {
         if (flowsError) {
-            toast.error('Error loading flows', {
+            toast.error(uiT('Error loading flows'), {
                 description: flowsError.message,
             });
             Log.error('Error loading flows:', flowsError);
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
 
                 return null;
             } catch (error) {
-                const description = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while creating flow';
-                toast.error('Failed to create flow', {
+                const description =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while creating flow');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to create flow'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error creating flow:', error);
@@ -134,8 +136,8 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
                 return null;
             } catch (error) {
                 const description =
-                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while creating assistant';
-                toast.error('Failed to create assistant', {
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while creating assistant');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to create assistant'), {
                     description,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error creating assistant:', error);
@@ -154,9 +156,9 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            const flowDescription = `${title || 'Unknown'} (ID: ${flowId})`;
+            const flowDescription = `${title || uiT('Unknown')} (ID: ${flowId})`;
 
-            const loadingToastId = toast.loading('Deleting flow...', {
+            const loadingToastId = toast.loading(uiT('Deleting flow...'), {
                 description: flowDescription,
             });
 
@@ -165,14 +167,15 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
                     variables: { flowId },
                 });
 
-                toast.success('Flow deleted successfully', {
+                toast.success(uiT('Flow deleted successfully'), {
                     description: flowDescription,
                     id: loadingToastId,
                 });
 
                 return true;
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while deleting flow';
+                const errorMessage =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while deleting flow');
                 toast.error(errorMessage, {
                     description: flowDescription,
                     id: loadingToastId,
@@ -193,9 +196,9 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            const flowDescription = `${title || 'Unknown'} (ID: ${flowId})`;
+            const flowDescription = `${title || uiT('Unknown')} (ID: ${flowId})`;
 
-            const loadingToastId = toast.loading('Finishing flow...', {
+            const loadingToastId = toast.loading(uiT('Finishing flow...'), {
                 description: flowDescription,
             });
 
@@ -204,14 +207,15 @@ export function FlowsProvider({ children }: FlowsProviderProps) {
                     variables: { flowId },
                 });
 
-                toast.success('Flow finished successfully', {
+                toast.success(uiT('Flow finished successfully'), {
                     description: flowDescription,
                     id: loadingToastId,
                 });
 
                 return true;
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'An error occurred while finishing flow';
+                const errorMessage =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('An error occurred while finishing flow');
                 toast.error(errorMessage, {
                     description: flowDescription,
                     id: loadingToastId,
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/knowledges-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/knowledges-provider.tsx
index 6068e936..0b40269a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/knowledges-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/knowledges-provider.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
     useUpdateKnowledgeDocumentMutation,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { useLatestRef } from '@/hooks/use-latest-ref';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { URL_PARAMS } from '@/lib/url-params';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
@@ -159,8 +160,9 @@ export function KnowledgesProvider({ children }: KnowledgesProviderProps) {
 
                 return result?.createKnowledgeDocument;
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to create knowledge document';
-                toast.error('Failed to create knowledge document', { description: errorMessage });
+                const errorMessage =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to create knowledge document');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to create knowledge document'), { description: errorMessage });
                 Log.error('Error creating knowledge document:', error);
                 throw error;
             }
@@ -175,8 +177,9 @@ export function KnowledgesProvider({ children }: KnowledgesProviderProps) {
 
                 return result?.updateKnowledgeDocument;
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to update knowledge document';
-                toast.error('Failed to update knowledge document', { description: errorMessage });
+                const errorMessage =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to update knowledge document');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to update knowledge document'), { description: errorMessage });
                 Log.error('Error updating knowledge document:', error);
                 throw error;
             }
@@ -189,8 +192,9 @@ export function KnowledgesProvider({ children }: KnowledgesProviderProps) {
             try {
                 await deleteKnowledgeMutation({ variables: { id } });
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to delete knowledge document';
-                toast.error('Failed to delete knowledge document', { description: errorMessage });
+                const errorMessage =
+                    error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to delete knowledge document');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to delete knowledge document'), { description: errorMessage });
                 Log.error('Error deleting knowledge document:', error);
                 throw error;
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/resources-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/resources-provider.tsx
index 5c893d7d..f0df6b78 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/resources-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/resources-provider.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { restResourceEntryToFragment, type RestResourceList } from '@/features/r
 import { useResourcesRealtime } from '@/features/resources/use-resources-realtime';
 import { ResourcesDocument, useResourcesQuery } from '@/graphql/types';
 import { api, getApiErrorMessage, unwrapApiResponse } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
 interface ResourcesContextValue {
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ export function ResourcesProvider({ children }: ResourcesProviderProps) {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                const message = getApiErrorMessage(caught, 'Failed to load resources');
+                const message = getApiErrorMessage(caught, uiT('Failed to load resources'));
 
                 setRestError(new Error(message));
             } finally {
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ export function ResourcesProvider({ children }: ResourcesProviderProps) {
 
     useEffect(() => {
         if (error) {
-            toast.error('Failed to load resources', {
+            toast.error(uiT('Failed to load resources'), {
                 description: error.message,
                 id: RESOURCES_ERROR_TOAST_ID,
             });
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/templates-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/templates-provider.tsx
index 34eaf236..e8e1fb31 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/templates-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/templates-provider.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
     useFlowTemplateUpdatedSubscription,
     useUpdateFlowTemplateMutation,
 } from '@/graphql/types';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { Log } from '@/lib/log';
 import { useUser } from '@/providers/user-provider';
 
@@ -95,8 +96,8 @@ export function TemplatesProvider({ children }: TemplatesProviderProps) {
                     },
                 });
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to create template';
-                toast.error('Failed to create template', {
+                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to create template');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to create template'), {
                     description: errorMessage,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error creating template:', error);
@@ -119,8 +120,8 @@ export function TemplatesProvider({ children }: TemplatesProviderProps) {
                     },
                 });
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to update template';
-                toast.error('Failed to update template', {
+                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to update template');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to update template'), {
                     description: errorMessage,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error updating template:', error);
@@ -139,8 +140,8 @@ export function TemplatesProvider({ children }: TemplatesProviderProps) {
                     },
                 });
             } catch (error) {
-                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to delete template';
-                toast.error('Failed to delete template', {
+                const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : uiT('Failed to delete template');
+                toast.error(uiT('Failed to delete template'), {
                     description: errorMessage,
                 });
                 Log.error('Error deleting template:', error);
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/user-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/user-provider.tsx
index 73ae640e..3caa55bd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/providers/user-provider.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/user-provider.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import type { AuthInfo } from '@/models/info';
 
 import { api } from '@/lib/axios';
+import { uiT } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { getReturnUrlParam } from '@/lib/utils/auth';
 import { baseUrl } from '@/models/api';
 
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ export function UserProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
                 return { success: true };
             } catch {
-                const errorMessage = 'Login failed. Please try again.';
+                const errorMessage = uiT('Login failed. Please try again.');
                 toast.error(errorMessage);
 
                 return { error: errorMessage, success: false };
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ export function UserProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
             );
 
             if (!popup) {
-                const errorMessage = 'Popup blocked. Please allow popups for this site.';
+                const errorMessage = uiT('Popup blocked. Please allow popups for this site.');
                 toast.error(errorMessage);
 
                 return {
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ export function UserProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
                         clearInterval(popupCheck);
                         clearTimeout(timeoutId);
                         window.removeEventListener('message', messageHandler);
-                        const errorMessage = 'Authentication cancelled';
+                        const errorMessage = uiT('Authentication cancelled');
                         toast.info(errorMessage);
                         resolve({
                             error: errorMessage,
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ export function UserProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
                             popup.close();
                         }
 
-                        const errorMessage = 'Authentication timeout';
+                        const errorMessage = uiT('Authentication timeout');
                         toast.error(errorMessage);
                         resolve({
                             error: errorMessage,
@@ -335,13 +336,13 @@ export function UserProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
                     setAuth(info.data);
                 } else {
                     clearAuth();
-                    toast.error('Session expired. Please login again.');
+                    toast.error(uiT('Session expired. Please login again.'));
                     const returnParam = getReturnUrlParam(location.pathname);
                     navigate(`/login${returnParam}`);
                 }
             } catch {
                 clearAuth();
-                toast.error('Session expired. Please login again.');
+                toast.error(uiT('Session expired. Please login again.'));
                 const returnParam = getReturnUrlParam(location.pathname);
                 navigate(`/login${returnParam}`);
             }