Update to Node.js 24.x: trunk

[desrosj]

This makes the necessary changes to update the versions of Node.js and npm used by WordPress Core.

Trac ticket: Core-65451.

AI assistance: None

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This Pull Request is for code review only. Please keep all other discussion in the Trac ticket. Do not merge this Pull Request. See GitHub Pull Requests for Code Review in the Core Handbook for more details.

[github-actions]

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[mukeshpanchal27]

This PR resolve Core-65432.

Also, do you have plans to wrap this up soon?

[desrosj]

This PR resolve Core-65432.

I don't know that this resolves Core-65432. This PR is specifically targeting Core itself and does not make any changes to the respective GitHub Actions workflow files. While the changes required to make sure actions continue to run within the GHA environment are related, they do not necessarily impact each other (the actions/setup-node action installs and configures any version of Node.js the project is using).

Also, do you have plans to wrap this up soon?
I have created Core-65451 to track this effort in Trac/wordpress-develop SVN. There has also been a significant amount of legwork around this already in WordPress/gutenberg#72973.

As far as the current status. Upgrading Node.js is currently blocked on the Systems Team side.