ci(codeql): drop the unused build and cache the Rust extractor's cargo output - #320

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: rustsec/audit-check@69366f33c96575abad1ee0dba8212993eecbe998. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/

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