Fix Atom dependencies during batch rebuilds

[tim-smart]

Summary

• build method-form Atom dependencies before registering their parent edge
• track invalidation that occurs while a node is rebuilding in a batch and rebuild it again before commit
• add regression coverage for lost async dependencies and re-entrant batch invalidation
• add a patch changeset for @effect-atom/atom

Root cause

Lifetime.get registered the parent edge before building the parent, which allowed that build to invalidate the child mid-build and discard the new dependency. Separately, batch rebuilding treated every valid node as complete, even when the node had been invalidated during its own build.

Validation

• pnpm test --run (104 tests)
• pnpm lint
• pnpm check

Closes EFF-231